The term "Three Kings" is traditionally associated with the Magi, who visited Jesus after His birth, as described in the Gospel of Matthew. Although the Bible does not specify their number, the tradition of "three" arises from the three gifts they presented: gold, frankincense, and myrrh. These gifts are significant, symbolizing Jesus' kingship, divinity, and eventual suffering and death.

Biblical Account

The account of the Magi is found in Matthew 2:1-12. The passage begins with their arrival in Jerusalem, seeking the "King of the Jews" after observing His star in the east. Their journey signifies the recognition of Jesus' kingship by Gentiles, fulfilling prophecies of nations coming to worship the Messiah. Matthew 2:2 states, "Where is the One who has been born King of the Jews? We saw His star in the east and have come to worship Him."

Upon hearing of their quest, King Herod, troubled by the news, inquires of the chief priests and scribes where the Messiah was to be born. They cite the prophecy from Micah 5:2, indicating Bethlehem as the birthplace. Herod deceitfully instructs the Magi to report back after finding the child, under the pretense of wishing to worship Him as well.

Guided by the star, the Magi find Jesus in Bethlehem. Matthew 2:11 describes their visit: "On coming to the house, they saw the Child with His mother Mary, and they fell down and worshiped Him. Then they opened their treasures and presented Him with gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh." Warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they depart for their country by another route.

Symbolism of the Gifts

The gifts of the Magi hold deep symbolic meaning. Gold, a precious metal, represents Jesus' royal status as King. Frankincense, an incense used in worship, signifies His divine nature and priestly role. Myrrh, a spice used in embalming, foreshadows His suffering and death, highlighting the sacrificial aspect of His mission.

Historical and Theological Context

The Magi were likely scholars or astrologers from the East, possibly Persia or Babylon. Their journey reflects the widespread expectation of a coming king, a theme present in various ancient cultures. The star they followed has been the subject of much speculation, with theories ranging from a planetary conjunction to a supernatural phenomenon.

Theologically, the visit of the Magi underscores the universal scope of Christ's mission. Their homage to Jesus as a child prefigures the inclusion of Gentiles in the New Covenant, a theme further developed in the New Testament. The Magi's recognition of Jesus' kingship contrasts with Herod's hostility, illustrating the varied responses to Christ's coming.

Cultural and Liturgical Influence

The account of the Magi has had a significant impact on Christian tradition and art. Celebrated as the Feast of Epiphany on January 6th, it marks the revelation of Christ to the Gentiles. The Magi are often depicted in nativity scenes and have inspired countless works of art, music, and literature throughout Christian history.

In summary, while the Bible does not explicitly name or number the Magi, the tradition of the "Three Kings" has become an enduring part of Christian heritage, symbolizing the recognition of Jesus as King and Savior by the nations.