The Threefold Question refers to the thrice-repeated inquiry by the resurrected Jesus Christ to the Apostle Peter, as recorded in the Gospel of John. This significant event occurs in John 21:15-17, where Jesus asks Peter, "Simon son of John, do you love Me?" This moment is pivotal in the restoration of Peter following his earlier denial of Jesus, as well as in the reaffirmation of Peter's role among the apostles.

Context and Setting

The setting for the Threefold Question is the Sea of Tiberias, also known as the Sea of Galilee, after Jesus' resurrection. The disciples had returned to fishing, and after an unsuccessful night, Jesus appeared on the shore, directing them to cast their nets on the right side of the boat, resulting in a miraculous catch. Following this, Jesus prepared breakfast for them, and it is during this meal that the conversation with Peter takes place.

The Threefold Inquiry

1. First Question: "Simon son of John, do you love Me more than these?" (John 21:15). Jesus' first question to Peter is significant, as it not only addresses Peter personally by his given name, Simon, but also challenges him to consider the depth of his love in comparison to the other disciples. Peter responds affirmatively, "Yes, Lord, You know that I love You." Jesus then instructs him, "Feed My lambs."

2. Second Question: "Simon son of John, do you love Me?" (John 21:16). The repetition of the question emphasizes the importance of Peter's love and commitment. Peter again affirms his love, and Jesus responds, "Tend My sheep." This command underscores Peter's pastoral responsibility and leadership role within the early church.

3. Third Question: "Simon son of John, do you love Me?" (John 21:17). The third repetition grieves Peter, as it mirrors his threefold denial of Jesus prior to the crucifixion (John 18:15-27). Peter, distressed, replies, "Lord, You know all things; You know that I love You." Jesus concludes with, "Feed My sheep," solidifying Peter's charge to care for the followers of Christ.

Theological Significance

The Threefold Question serves as a profound moment of restoration and commissioning for Peter. Each question and response not only reinstates Peter after his denial but also entrusts him with the shepherding of Christ's flock. This passage highlights themes of forgiveness, redemption, and the transformative power of Christ's love and grace.

The use of the term "love" in this passage is noteworthy. The original Greek text employs different words for love, with Jesus initially using "agapao," denoting a selfless, unconditional love, and Peter responding with "phileo," indicating a brotherly affection. The interplay of these terms reflects the depth and complexity of the relationship between Jesus and Peter.

Implications for the Church

The Threefold Question has enduring implications for the Christian church. It underscores the necessity of love as the foundation for ministry and leadership. Peter's restoration exemplifies the grace available to all believers, regardless of past failures. Furthermore, the passage emphasizes the pastoral duty to nurture and guide the community of faith, a responsibility that continues to be central to church leadership today.

Conclusion

The Threefold Question remains a powerful testament to the redemptive work of Christ and the call to love and serve within the Christian community. Through this encounter, Peter is not only restored but also empowered to fulfill his role as a leader in the early church, setting a precedent for all who follow in the path of discipleship.