The Ten Stands, also known as the Ten Lavers or Ten Bases, are significant elements in the construction of Solomon's Temple, as described in the Old Testament. These stands were part of the temple's furnishings and played a crucial role in the ceremonial practices of ancient Israel.

Biblical Description

The detailed description of the Ten Stands is found in 1 Kings 7:27-39. According to the Berean Standard Bible , these stands were crafted by Hiram, a skilled artisan from Tyre, who was commissioned by King Solomon to create various temple furnishings. The stands were made of bronze and were used to support the ten bronze basins, which were used for washing the offerings.

1 Kings 7:27-29 states: "He also made ten bronze stands, each four cubits long, four cubits wide, and three cubits high. This was the design of the stands: They had side panels attached to uprights, and on the panels between the uprights were lions, oxen, and cherubim. On the uprights was a pedestal above, and below the lions and oxen were wreaths of hanging work."

Each stand was intricately designed with artistic engravings, including images of lions, oxen, and cherubim, which are symbolic creatures often associated with divine presence and protection. The stands were rectangular, measuring four cubits in length and width, and three cubits in height.

Function and Symbolism

The primary function of the Ten Stands was to hold the ten bronze basins, each with a capacity of forty baths, as described in 1 Kings 7:38 : "He made ten bronze basins, each holding forty baths, and each basin was four cubits. One basin was set on each of the ten stands."

These basins were used for the ritual washing of the offerings, a practice that was essential for maintaining the purity required in the sacrificial system. The water in the basins symbolized cleansing and purification, reflecting the holiness required in approaching God.

The presence of lions, oxen, and cherubim on the stands also carried symbolic meaning. Lions often represent strength and majesty, oxen symbolize service and sacrifice, and cherubim are associated with the divine presence and the throne of God, as seen in other biblical passages such as Ezekiel 1 and Revelation 4.

Placement in the Temple

The Ten Stands were strategically placed around the temple courtyard. According to 1 Kings 7:39 , "He set five stands on the south side of the temple and five on the north side. He also put the Sea on the southeast side of the temple."

This arrangement facilitated the priests' access to water for the purification rituals, ensuring that the sacrificial system could function smoothly. The placement of the stands and basins also highlights the importance of order and symmetry in the temple's design, reflecting the divine order and beauty.

Historical and Theological Significance

The Ten Stands, as part of Solomon's Temple, hold historical significance as they represent the height of Israel's united monarchy and the nation's dedication to worshiping Yahweh. The temple itself was a central place of worship and a symbol of God's covenant with Israel.

Theologically, the Ten Stands and their associated basins underscore the importance of purity and holiness in worship. They remind believers of the need for cleansing and preparation when approaching God, a theme that resonates throughout the Scriptures and finds fulfillment in the New Testament through the cleansing work of Jesus Christ.

In summary, the Ten Stands are a testament to the artistry, symbolism, and religious practices of ancient Israel, reflecting the nation's devotion to God and the intricate design of Solomon's Temple.