Introduction

The Table of the Showbread, also known as the Table of Shewbread, is a significant element within the Tabernacle and later the Temple, as described in the Old Testament. It served as a continual offering before the Lord, symbolizing God's provision and the covenant relationship between God and Israel. This entry explores its biblical description, construction, purpose, and theological significance.

Biblical Description and Construction

The instructions for the Table of the Showbread are found in the Book of Exodus. God commanded Moses to construct the table as part of the furnishings of the Tabernacle:

“You are also to make a table of acacia wood two cubits long, a cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high. Overlay it with pure gold and make a gold molding around it. And make a rim around it a handbreadth wide and put a gold molding on the rim. Make four gold rings for the table and fasten them to the four corners at its four legs. The rings are to be close to the rim, to serve as holders for the poles used to carry the table. Make the poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold, so that the table may be carried with them. You are also to make the plates and dishes, as well as the pitchers and bowls, with which to pour out drink offerings. Make them of pure gold. And place the Bread of the Presence on the table before Me at all times.” (Exodus 25:23-30)

The table was made of acacia wood, overlaid with pure gold, and equipped with gold rings and poles for transport. It was adorned with a gold molding and a rim, emphasizing its sacred purpose.

Purpose and Ritual

The primary function of the Table of the Showbread was to hold the Bread of the Presence, also known as the Showbread. This bread consisted of twelve loaves, representing the twelve tribes of Israel, and was placed on the table every Sabbath:

“Every Sabbath day the bread is to be set out before the LORD on behalf of the Israelites as a perpetual covenant. It belongs to Aaron and his sons, who are to eat it in a holy place, because it is a most holy part of their perpetual share of the food offerings to the LORD.” (Leviticus 24:8-9)

The bread was a continual offering, symbolizing the eternal covenant between God and His people. It was a reminder of God's provision and sustenance, both physically and spiritually.

Theological Significance

The Table of the Showbread holds deep theological significance within the biblical narrative. It represents God's provision and His desire for fellowship with His people. The bread, as a symbol of sustenance, points to God's care and the sustenance He provides for His people.

In the New Testament, the symbolism of the Showbread finds fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who declared Himself to be the "bread of life" (John 6:35). This connection highlights the continuity of God's provision from the Old Covenant to the New Covenant, where Christ becomes the ultimate source of spiritual nourishment and life.

Conclusion

The Table of the Showbread, with its rich symbolism and ritual significance, serves as a profound reminder of God's covenantal relationship with His people. It underscores the themes of provision, fellowship, and the eternal nature of God's promises, ultimately pointing to the fulfillment found in Jesus Christ.