Introduction

The concepts of authority and submission are central themes throughout the Bible, reflecting the divine order established by God. These principles are woven into the fabric of creation, human relationships, and the governance of the church and society. Authority is seen as a God-given responsibility, while submission is portrayed as a willing and respectful acknowledgment of that authority.

Authority in Creation

The Bible begins with the establishment of authority in the creation narrative. God, as the Creator, holds ultimate authority over the universe. Genesis 1:28 states, "God blessed them and said to them, 'Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and every creature that moves on the ground.'" Here, humanity is given authority over creation, reflecting God's sovereign rule.

Authority in the Family

The family unit is a primary context where authority and submission are expressed. Ephesians 5:22-24 instructs, "Wives, submit to your husbands as to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, His body, of which He is the Savior. Now as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything." This passage highlights the husband's role as the head of the family, mirroring Christ's headship over the church.

However, this authority is not to be exercised harshly or selfishly. Ephesians 5:25 continues, "Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave Himself up for her." The husband's authority is to be characterized by sacrificial love and service, reflecting Christ's love for the church.

Authority in the Church

The New Testament outlines a structure of authority within the church. Elders and overseers are appointed to lead and shepherd the congregation. Hebrews 13:17 exhorts believers, "Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they keep watch over your souls as those who must give an account. To this end, allow them to lead with joy and not with grief, for that would be of no advantage to you."

The authority of church leaders is not absolute but is subject to the teachings of Scripture and the leading of the Holy Spirit. Leaders are called to serve with humility and integrity, as seen in 1 Peter 5:2-3 : "Be shepherds of God’s flock that is among you, watching over them—not out of compulsion, but because it is God’s will; not out of greed, but out of eagerness; not lording it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock."

Authority in Society

The Bible also addresses authority in the broader context of society and government. Romans 13:1-2 states, "Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God. Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves."

This passage underscores the belief that governmental authority is instituted by God for the purpose of maintaining order and justice. Christians are called to respect and obey civil authorities, provided that such obedience does not conflict with God's commands.

Submission to God

Ultimately, all authority and submission are rooted in the believer's relationship with God. James 4:7 instructs, "Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you." Submission to God is the foundation of a life that honors Him, acknowledging His sovereignty and lordship over all aspects of life.

Conclusion

The biblical principles of authority and submission are designed to reflect God's order and character. They are intended to promote harmony, love, and respect within families, churches, and societies. While authority is a responsibility to be exercised with humility and love, submission is a voluntary act of respect and acknowledgment of God's ordained structure.