Biblical Reference: Exodus 14:1-4

Context and Background:
The event where the LORD commands the Israelites to camp by the sea occurs during the Exodus, a pivotal moment in Israelite history. After enduring centuries of slavery in Egypt, the Israelites, under the leadership of Moses, are finally set free by Pharaoh following a series of divine plagues. As they journey towards the Promised Land, God continues to guide them with a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night.

Scriptural Account:
In Exodus 14:1-4 , the LORD speaks to Moses, instructing him to direct the Israelites to turn back and encamp by the sea, specifically at a location between Migdol and the sea, opposite Baal-zephon. The passage reads:

"Then the LORD said to Moses, 'Tell the Israelites to turn back and camp in front of Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea; you are to camp by the sea, directly opposite Baal-zephon. For Pharaoh will say of the Israelites, "They are wandering the land in confusion; the wilderness has boxed them in." And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that he will pursue them. But I will gain honor by means of Pharaoh and all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the LORD.' So the Israelites did this."

Theological Significance:
This command from the LORD is a strategic move that serves multiple divine purposes. Firstly, it sets the stage for one of the most dramatic displays of God's power and faithfulness—the parting of the Red Sea. By instructing the Israelites to camp by the sea, God orchestrates a situation that appears to be a tactical disadvantage, thereby luring Pharaoh into pursuing them. This act of divine strategy highlights God's sovereignty and His ability to use seemingly dire circumstances for His glory and the deliverance of His people.

Secondly, the hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a recurring theme in the Exodus narrative, demonstrating God's control over human affairs and His ability to use even the obstinacy of rulers to fulfill His divine purposes. The pursuit by Pharaoh and his army is intended to result in a decisive victory for the LORD, showcasing His supremacy over the gods of Egypt and affirming His covenantal relationship with Israel.

Historical and Geographical Considerations:
The precise locations mentioned—Pi-hahiroth, Migdol, and Baal-zephon—are subjects of scholarly debate, with their exact historical and geographical identifications remaining uncertain. However, these locations are generally understood to be in the northeastern region of Egypt, near the Red Sea. The mention of these sites underscores the historical nature of the biblical narrative and situates the miraculous events within a real-world context.

Lessons and Applications:
For believers, this passage serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness and His ability to deliver His people from seemingly insurmountable challenges. It encourages trust in God's plans, even when they are not immediately apparent or when circumstances appear unfavorable. The narrative also emphasizes the importance of obedience to God's commands, as the Israelites' compliance with Moses' instructions leads to their ultimate deliverance and the glorification of God among the nations.

In summary, the command to camp by the sea is a testament to God's strategic wisdom, His power over creation, and His unwavering commitment to His people. It is a foundational account that continues to inspire faith and trust in God's providential care.