The Courtyard of the Tabernacle served as the outer area surrounding the Tabernacle itself, which was the central place of worship and sacrifice for the Israelites during their wilderness journey and until the construction of Solomon's Temple. The instructions for the construction of the Tabernacle and its courtyard are detailed in the Book of Exodus, specifically in chapters 25 through 40.

Design and Dimensions

The Courtyard was a rectangular enclosure measuring 100 cubits in length and 50 cubits in width (approximately 150 feet by 75 feet). It was surrounded by a fence made of fine twisted linen curtains, which were supported by 60 pillars made of bronze with silver hooks and bands. The bases of these pillars were also made of bronze, indicating the strength and durability required for the structure (Exodus 27:9-19).

The entrance to the Courtyard was located on the east side and was 20 cubits wide. It was covered by a curtain made of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely twisted linen, the same materials used for the entrance to the Tabernacle itself. This entrance curtain was supported by four pillars (Exodus 27:16).

Significance and Function

The Courtyard served several important functions in the religious life of the Israelites. It was the designated area for the performance of sacrifices and offerings, which were central to the worship practices prescribed by God. Within the Courtyard stood the Bronze Altar, also known as the Altar of Burnt Offering, where sacrifices were made. This altar was made of acacia wood overlaid with bronze and was equipped with horns on its four corners (Exodus 27:1-8).

Additionally, the Bronze Basin, or Laver, was located in the Courtyard between the Tent of Meeting and the altar. This basin was used by the priests for ceremonial washing before they entered the Tent of Meeting or approached the altar to offer sacrifices, symbolizing the need for purity and holiness in the service of God (Exodus 30:17-21).

Symbolism

The Courtyard of the Tabernacle symbolized the separation between the holy presence of God and the common world. The linen curtains acted as a barrier, emphasizing the sanctity of the space within. The materials used, such as bronze for the pillars and bases, signified judgment and strength, while the silver hooks and bands represented redemption.

The layout of the Courtyard, with its single entrance, pointed to the exclusivity of access to God, foreshadowing the New Testament teaching that Christ is the only way to the Father (John 14:6). The eastward orientation of the entrance may also hold symbolic significance, as eastward directions in Scripture often relate to the presence and coming of God.

Priestly Duties

The priests, who were descendants of Aaron, were the only ones permitted to perform duties within the Courtyard. Their responsibilities included offering sacrifices, maintaining the fire on the altar, and ensuring the cleanliness of the sacred space. The priestly garments, described in detail in Exodus 28, were worn during their service, further distinguishing their role as mediators between God and the people.

Community and Worship

The Courtyard was not only a place of sacrifice but also a gathering space for the Israelite community. It was here that the people would bring their offerings and participate in the communal aspects of worship. The design and function of the Courtyard underscored the communal nature of Israel's covenant relationship with God, as well as the importance of obedience and reverence in their worship practices.