Topical Encyclopedia
The concept of the "Seven Tribes of Israel" is not a standard biblical term, as the Bible traditionally speaks of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of Jacob. However, the number seven holds significant symbolic meaning throughout Scripture, often representing completeness or divine perfection. In the context of the tribes, the number seven may arise in discussions of specific groupings or allocations of land during the conquest of Canaan.
Biblical ContextThe tribes of Israel are named after the sons and grandsons of Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel. These tribes formed the nation of Israel and were each allocated specific territories in the Promised Land. The primary biblical account of the division of the land among the tribes is found in the Book of Joshua.
Joshua and the Division of the LandIn the Book of Joshua, the land of Canaan is divided among the tribes of Israel.
Joshua 18:1-10 describes the process by which the remaining seven tribes received their inheritance after the initial allotments to Judah, Ephraim, and the half-tribe of Manasseh. The seven tribes mentioned in this context are Benjamin, Simeon, Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and Dan.
Joshua 18:2-3 states: "But there were still seven tribes of Israel who had not yet received their inheritance. So Joshua said to the Israelites, 'How long will you put off entering and taking possession of the land that the LORD, the God of your fathers, has given you?'"
Significance of the Number SevenThe number seven is often associated with divine order and completion in the Bible. It is seen in the seven days of creation, the seven feasts of Israel, and the seven churches in Revelation. In the context of the tribes, the number seven may symbolize the completion of the distribution of the land, ensuring that all the tribes received their God-ordained inheritance.
Tribal Allotments1.
Benjamin: Situated between Judah and Joseph, the tribe of Benjamin received a territory that included the city of Jerusalem, which later became the political and spiritual center of Israel.
2.
Simeon: Initially, Simeon's inheritance was within the territory of Judah, as described in
Joshua 19:1-9. This arrangement reflects the prophecy of Jacob in
Genesis 49:7, where Simeon and Levi are scattered in Israel.
3.
Zebulun: Located in the northern part of Israel, Zebulun's territory was strategically positioned between the Mediterranean Sea and the Sea of Galilee, facilitating trade and interaction with other nations.
4.
Issachar: Known for its fertile land, Issachar's territory was in the Jezreel Valley, an area conducive to agriculture and prosperity.
5.
Asher: Positioned along the Mediterranean coast, Asher's land was rich in resources, including olive oil, as noted in
Deuteronomy 33:24.
6.
Naphtali: Situated in the northern region, Naphtali's territory included the area around the Sea of Galilee, known for its beauty and abundance.
7.
Dan: Originally allocated land in the central coastal region, the tribe of Dan later migrated to the northern part of Israel, as recounted in
Judges 18.
Historical and Theological ImplicationsThe allocation of land to the seven tribes underscores the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs. Each tribe's inheritance was a tangible expression of God's faithfulness and sovereignty. The distribution also highlights the unity and diversity within the nation of Israel, as each tribe contributed unique strengths and characteristics to the whole.
The seven tribes' eventual settlement in their respective territories marked a significant phase in Israel's history, transitioning from a nomadic existence to a settled nation. This period set the stage for the subsequent challenges and triumphs faced by the Israelites as they sought to live in accordance with God's covenant.