Definition and Origin

The term "apostle" originates from the Greek word "apostolos," meaning "one who is sent out." In the New Testament, apostles are primarily the twelve disciples chosen by Jesus Christ, along with Paul, who was called later. The role of an apostle is foundational to the establishment and growth of the early Church, as they were entrusted with spreading the Gospel and establishing Christian doctrine.

Biblical Qualifications and Characteristics

True apostleship is marked by specific qualifications and characteristics as outlined in the New Testament. Apostles were chosen directly by Christ or through divine revelation, as seen in the case of Paul. In Acts 1:21-22, the criteria for replacing Judas Iscariot included having been with Jesus from His baptism to His ascension, underscoring the importance of firsthand witness to Christ's life and resurrection.

Apostles were endowed with spiritual authority and power, including the ability to perform miracles, as a testament to their divine commission. In 2 Corinthians 12:12, Paul states, "The true marks of an apostle—signs, wonders, and miracles—were performed among you with great perseverance."

Functions and Responsibilities

The primary function of apostles was to lay the foundation of the Church, as described in Ephesians 2:20: "built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus Himself as the cornerstone." They were responsible for preaching the Gospel, teaching sound doctrine, and providing guidance and correction to the early Christian communities.

Apostles also played a crucial role in the writing and dissemination of the New Testament Scriptures. Many of the epistles were authored by apostles, providing doctrinal instruction and addressing issues within the early Church.

Authority and Leadership

Apostles held a unique position of authority within the early Church. Their teachings and decisions were considered authoritative, as they were believed to be guided by the Holy Spirit. In Acts 15, the apostles and elders convened the Jerusalem Council to address the issue of Gentile circumcision, demonstrating their role in doctrinal decision-making.

The apostolic authority was not self-serving but was exercised for the edification and unity of the Church. In 1 Corinthians 4:1, Paul describes apostles as "servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God," emphasizing their role as humble servants rather than rulers.

Challenges and Suffering

True apostleship often involved significant challenges and suffering. Apostles faced persecution, imprisonment, and martyrdom for their unwavering commitment to the Gospel. Paul, in particular, provides a vivid account of his sufferings in 2 Corinthians 11:23-28, highlighting the trials endured for the sake of Christ.

Despite these hardships, apostles remained steadfast in their mission, driven by their love for Christ and the Church. Their perseverance under persecution served as a powerful testimony to the truth of the Gospel.

Legacy and Continuation

The role of true apostleship was foundational and unique to the early Church. While the original apostles have passed, their legacy continues through the Scriptures and the ongoing work of the Church. The apostolic teachings remain central to Christian faith and practice, guiding believers in their understanding of the Gospel and their relationship with God.

The concept of apostleship has also influenced the structure and governance of the Church throughout history, with various Christian traditions interpreting and applying apostolic authority in different ways. However, the core principles of true apostleship—faithfulness to Christ, commitment to the Gospel, and servant leadership—remain integral to the life and mission of the Church today.