James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas are traditionally recognized as the brothers of Jesus Christ, mentioned in the New Testament. Their relationship to Jesus has been a subject of theological discussion, particularly concerning the nature of their familial ties.

James
James, often referred to as James the Just, is one of the most prominent figures among Jesus' brothers. He is identified as a leader in the early Christian church in Jerusalem. In the Book of Acts, James emerges as a key figure during the Council of Jerusalem, where he plays a significant role in the decision regarding Gentile converts (Acts 15:13-21). The Epistle of James in the New Testament is traditionally attributed to him, offering practical teachings on faith and works. James is noted for his piety and adherence to Jewish law, earning him the title "the Just."

Joseph
Joseph, also known as Joses, is mentioned in the Gospels as one of Jesus' brothers. While there is less information about him compared to James, he is listed among the siblings in Matthew 13:55 and Mark 6:3. The name Joseph was common in Jewish culture, and he is sometimes identified with Joses, a variant of the name. The Gospels do not provide further details about his life or role in the early church.

Simon
Simon is another brother of Jesus mentioned in the Gospels. Like Joseph, there is limited information about him in the New Testament. He is listed alongside his brothers in the same passages, Matthew 13:55 and Mark 6:3. Some early Christian traditions suggest that Simon may have been involved in the early church, but these accounts are not detailed in the canonical texts.

Judas
Judas, also referred to as Jude, is the fourth brother of Jesus mentioned in the Gospels. He is traditionally identified as the author of the Epistle of Jude, a brief letter in the New Testament that warns against false teachers and encourages believers to contend for the faith. In Matthew 13:55 and Mark 6:3, he is listed among Jesus' siblings. The Epistle of Jude reflects a deep concern for the preservation of apostolic teaching and the moral integrity of the Christian community.

Biblical References
The primary biblical references to these brothers are found in the Gospels of Matthew and Mark. Matthew 13:55 states, "Is this not the carpenter’s son? Is not His mother called Mary, and His brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas?" Similarly, Mark 6:3 echoes, "Is this not the carpenter, the son of Mary and the brother of James, Joses, Judas, and Simon? Are His sisters not here with us?"

Theological Considerations
The mention of Jesus' brothers has led to various interpretations regarding their exact relationship to Him. The traditional view within Protestant circles is that they were the biological children of Mary and Joseph, making them Jesus' half-brothers. In contrast, the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions often hold that they were either Jesus' cousins or Joseph's children from a previous marriage, maintaining the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary.

These brothers, particularly James and Jude, played significant roles in the early Christian community, contributing to the spread and establishment of the faith. Their mention in the Gospels underscores the humanity of Jesus, who lived within a family structure, and highlights the diverse responses to His ministry among those closest to Him.