Biblical Context:
The discovery of the Book of the Law by Hilkiah the high priest is a pivotal event recorded in the Old Testament, specifically in 2 Kings 22 and 2 Chronicles 34. This event occurs during the reign of King Josiah of Judah, a time marked by religious reform and a return to the worship of Yahweh after periods of idolatry under previous kings.

Historical Background:
King Josiah ascended to the throne of Judah at the tender age of eight, following the assassination of his father, King Amon. Josiah's reign is noted for its significant religious reforms, which were catalyzed by the discovery of the Book of the Law. This period in Judah's history was characterized by a decline in adherence to the covenantal laws given to Moses, with rampant idolatry and neglect of the temple worship.

The Discovery:
The account of the discovery is detailed in 2 Kings 22:8-10 : "Then Hilkiah the high priest said to Shaphan the scribe, 'I have found the Book of the Law in the house of the LORD.' And Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan, who read it. And Shaphan the scribe went to the king and reported, 'Your servants have paid out the money that was found in the house and have put it into the hands of the supervisors and workers.' Moreover, Shaphan the scribe told the king, 'Hilkiah the priest has given me a book.' And Shaphan read it in the presence of the king."

Significance of the Book:
The "Book of the Law" is generally understood to be a form of the Torah, possibly the Book of Deuteronomy or a collection of Mosaic laws. Its discovery was significant because it revealed the extent to which the people of Judah had strayed from the commandments and covenantal obligations established by God. The reading of the book to King Josiah prompted a profound religious awakening and reform.

Josiah's Response:
Upon hearing the words of the Book of the Law, King Josiah was deeply moved and tore his clothes, a traditional expression of mourning and repentance. He recognized the severity of Judah's disobedience and the impending judgment that the nation faced as a result. Josiah's response is recorded in 2 Kings 22:11 : "When the king heard the words of the Book of the Law, he tore his clothes."

Religious Reforms:
Josiah's reforms were comprehensive and aimed at restoring the worship of Yahweh. He ordered the removal of all idolatrous objects from the temple, destroyed the high places, and reinstituted the Passover celebration, which had been neglected. These actions are detailed in 2 Kings 23 and 2 Chronicles 34-35. Josiah's reforms were a return to the covenantal faithfulness that God had commanded Israel to uphold.

Theological Implications:
The discovery of the Book of the Law underscores the importance of Scripture in guiding the faith and practice of God's people. It highlights the necessity of returning to God's Word as the foundation for spiritual renewal and reform. The event also serves as a reminder of the consequences of neglecting God's commandments and the blessings of obedience.

Legacy:
King Josiah's reign is remembered as a time of significant spiritual renewal in Judah. His commitment to the covenant and the reforms he implemented had a lasting impact on the nation. The discovery of the Book of the Law by Hilkiah remains a powerful testament to the enduring authority and relevance of God's Word in the life of His people.