Biblical Context:
Hezekiah, the son of Ahaz, was the 13th king of Judah, reigning in the late 8th century BC. His reign is noted for significant religious reforms, including the restoration of temple worship and the destruction of idolatrous practices. Hezekiah's prayer for the people is a pivotal moment in his reign, reflecting his deep faith and reliance on God.

Scriptural Reference:
The account of Hezekiah praying for the people is found in 2 Chronicles 30. This chapter details the celebration of the Passover, which Hezekiah reinstituted after a long period of neglect. The king invited all of Israel and Judah to participate, extending the invitation even to the remnants of the northern kingdom.

The Occasion:
Hezekiah's prayer occurs during the Passover celebration, which was held in the second month due to the priests not being consecrated in time for the first month, as prescribed by the Law of Moses. This decision was made to ensure that the people could properly observe the feast, as many had not been able to purify themselves according to the traditional requirements.

The Prayer:
In 2 Chronicles 30:18-20, the narrative describes how many of the people who came from Ephraim, Manasseh, Issachar, and Zebulun had not purified themselves, yet they ate the Passover contrary to what was written. Hezekiah interceded for them, praying, "May the LORD, who is good, provide atonement for everyone who sets his heart on seeking God—the LORD, the God of his fathers—even if he is not cleansed according to the purification rules of the sanctuary." The LORD heard Hezekiah and healed the people.

Theological Significance:
Hezekiah's prayer underscores several key theological themes:

1. Intercession: Hezekiah acts as an intercessor for the people, highlighting the role of a godly leader in seeking God's mercy on behalf of others. His prayer reflects a deep concern for the spiritual well-being of the nation.

2. Grace and Mercy: The response of God to Hezekiah's prayer demonstrates His grace and willingness to forgive those who earnestly seek Him, even when they fall short of ritual purity. This foreshadows the New Testament understanding of grace through faith.

3. Unity and Restoration: By inviting the northern tribes to participate in the Passover, Hezekiah sought to restore unity among the divided people of Israel. His actions and prayer reflect a desire for national and spiritual restoration.

4. Heart over Ritual: The emphasis on the heart's intention over ritual purity points to a deeper understanding of true worship. Hezekiah's prayer acknowledges that God values sincere devotion over mere external compliance.

Historical and Cultural Context:
Hezekiah's reign occurred during a tumultuous period in Israel's history, marked by the Assyrian threat and the fall of the northern kingdom. His efforts to restore proper worship and his prayer for the people are set against this backdrop of political and spiritual crisis. The Passover celebration, as a commemoration of God's deliverance from Egypt, served as a powerful reminder of God's past faithfulness and a call to renewed covenantal faithfulness.

Legacy:
Hezekiah's prayer for the people is remembered as an example of faithful leadership and reliance on God. It serves as an enduring testament to the power of prayer and the importance of seeking God's favor for oneself and others. His actions contributed to a temporary spiritual revival in Judah, leaving a legacy of devotion and reform.