Herod the Great, known for his extensive building projects and the infamous massacre of the innocents in Bethlehem, died in 4 B.C. His death is a significant event in biblical history, marking the end of his tyrannical reign over Judea. Herod's demise is recorded in the Gospel of Matthew and is corroborated by historical accounts from the Jewish historian Josephus.

Biblical Account:

The Gospel of Matthew provides a brief account of Herod's death in the context of the early life of Jesus. After the visit of the Magi, Herod, feeling threatened by the prophecy of a new "king of the Jews," ordered the massacre of all male infants in Bethlehem. However, Joseph, warned by an angel in a dream, fled to Egypt with Mary and the infant Jesus. Matthew 2:19-20 states, "After Herod died, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt. 'Get up!' he said. 'Take the Child and His mother and go to the land of Israel, for those seeking the Child’s life are now dead.'"

Historical Context:

Herod's death is described in detail by Josephus in his work "Antiquities of the Jews." According to Josephus, Herod suffered from a painful and debilitating illness, which some modern scholars suggest may have been chronic kidney disease complicated by Fournier's gangrene. His final days were marked by paranoia and cruelty, including the execution of his own son, Antipater, just days before his death.

Herod's Legacy:

Herod's death led to the division of his kingdom among his sons, as per his will, which was ratified by Augustus Caesar. Archelaus received Judea, Samaria, and Idumea; Herod Antipas was given Galilee and Perea; and Philip inherited the regions of Ituraea and Trachonitis. This division of territory is significant in the New Testament narrative, as it sets the stage for the political landscape during the ministry of Jesus.

Theological Implications:

From a theological perspective, Herod's death is seen as a divine intervention in the protection of Jesus, the Messiah. Herod's attempt to thwart God's plan by eliminating the Christ child ultimately failed, demonstrating the sovereignty of God over earthly rulers. The angel's message to Joseph signifies the fulfillment of God's promise to preserve His Son, ensuring the continuation of the redemptive plan for humanity.

Conclusion:

Herod's death marks a pivotal moment in biblical history, transitioning from the Old Testament era of prophecy to the New Testament era of fulfillment. His reign, characterized by both architectural achievements and brutal tyranny, serves as a backdrop to the early life of Jesus and the unfolding of God's salvific plan.