Introduction:
Gibeah of God, also known simply as Gibeah, is a significant location in the biblical narrative, particularly in the Old Testament. It is often associated with the tribe of Benjamin and plays a crucial role in several key events. The name "Gibeah" means "hill" in Hebrew, and it is distinguished as "Gibeah of God" to differentiate it from other locations named Gibeah.

Biblical References:
Gibeah of God is mentioned in several passages throughout the Old Testament. One of the most notable references is found in 1 Samuel 10:5, where it is described as a place where a Philistine garrison was stationed. The passage reads: "After that you will come to Gibeah of God, where there are Philistine outposts. As you approach the town, you will meet a procession of prophets coming down from the high place with harps, tambourines, flutes, and lyres being played before them, and they will be prophesying" .

Historical and Geographical Context:
Gibeah of God is traditionally identified with the modern site of Tell el-Ful, located a few miles north of Jerusalem. It was a strategic location due to its elevation and proximity to major routes. The city was part of the tribal inheritance of Benjamin and served as a significant military and political center during the period of the Judges and the early monarchy.

Significant Events:
1. Saul's Anointing and Kingship:
Gibeah of God is closely linked with the first king of Israel, Saul. It was near this location that Saul encountered a group of prophets and was filled with the Spirit of God, leading to his prophesying among them (1 Samuel 10:10). This event was a sign of his divine appointment as king.

2. The Outrage at Gibeah:
Although not directly referred to as Gibeah of God, the city of Gibeah is infamous for the horrific events described in Judges 19-21. The narrative recounts the brutal assault on a Levite's concubine by the men of Gibeah, which led to a civil war between the tribe of Benjamin and the other Israelite tribes. This incident highlights the moral and social decay during the time of the Judges.

3. Military Significance:
Gibeah of God served as a military outpost during the reign of Saul. It was from this location that Saul launched several military campaigns against the Philistines, as indicated in 1 Samuel 13-14. The presence of a Philistine garrison at Gibeah underscores its strategic importance.

Theological Implications:
Gibeah of God serves as a backdrop for understanding the transition from the period of the Judges to the establishment of the monarchy in Israel. The events associated with Gibeah highlight themes of divine election, the consequences of moral failure, and the complexities of leadership. Saul's experiences at Gibeah of God illustrate the tension between human frailty and divine purpose.

Conclusion:
While Gibeah of God is not as frequently mentioned as other biblical locations, its role in the narrative of Israel's history is significant. It serves as a reminder of the challenges faced by the nascent Israelite kingdom and the ongoing struggle to align with God's will amidst human imperfection.