Biblical Reference:
The account of Elhanan killing Lahmi is found in 1 Chronicles 20:5 and is paralleled in 2 Samuel 21:19. The Berean Standard Bible provides the following account in 1 Chronicles 20:5: "Once again there was war with the Philistines, and Elhanan son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam."

Historical Context:
The events described occur during the reign of King David, a period marked by frequent conflicts with the Philistines, a neighboring people who were often at odds with Israel. The Philistines were known for their military prowess and had several notable warriors, including Goliath, who was famously defeated by David in his youth.

Elhanan:
Elhanan, identified as the son of Jair (or Jaare-Oregim in 2 Samuel 21:19), is one of David's mighty warriors. His name means "God is gracious," and he is noted for his valor in battle. The account of Elhanan's victory over Lahmi highlights the continued struggle between Israel and the Philistines and underscores the bravery and skill of David's warriors.

Lahmi:
Lahmi is described as the brother of Goliath the Gittite. The mention of his spear being like a weaver's beam suggests that, like his brother, Lahmi was a formidable warrior. The reference to his weaponry serves to emphasize the strength and size of the Philistine champions, making Elhanan's victory all the more significant.

Textual Considerations:
The parallel account in 2 Samuel 21:19 has been the subject of textual scrutiny due to differences in the description of the event. In 2 Samuel, the text reads: "Once again there was a battle with the Philistines at Gob, and Elhanan son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite struck down Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam." This has led to discussions among scholars regarding the identity of the slain warrior, with some suggesting a scribal error in the transmission of the text. The Chronicles account clarifies that it was Lahmi, the brother of Goliath, who was killed by Elhanan.

Theological Significance:
The narrative of Elhanan's victory over Lahmi serves to reinforce the theme of divine assistance and favor upon Israel's warriors. It reflects the ongoing fulfillment of God's promises to David and his kingdom, demonstrating that even the mightiest foes can be overcome through faith and divine support. The account also highlights the continuity of God's protection over Israel, as seen in the earlier victory of David over Goliath, and now through the exploits of his warriors like Elhanan.

Cultural and Literary Aspects:
The description of Lahmi's spear as being like a "weaver's beam" is a vivid literary device that conveys the immense size and strength of the Philistine warriors. Such descriptions are common in ancient Near Eastern literature, where the prowess of warriors is often highlighted through their weaponry and physical attributes. This serves to magnify the heroism of those who defeat them, in this case, Elhanan, whose faith and courage are implicitly commended.

Conclusion:
The account of Elhanan killing Lahmi is a testament to the valor of David's warriors and the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Philistines. It underscores the theme of divine favor and protection over Israel, as well as the importance of faith and courage in the face of formidable adversaries.