The term "Eastern Border" in biblical context primarily refers to the territorial boundaries of the Promised Land as described in the Old Testament. This border is significant in understanding the geographical and theological landscape of ancient Israel, as it delineates the extent of the land promised by God to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Biblical References:

1. Numbers 34:10-12 : The eastern border of the Promised Land is explicitly outlined in the Book of Numbers. "And your eastern border will run straight from Hazar-enan to Shepham, then down from Shepham to Riblah on the east side of Ain, and continue along the slopes east of the Sea of Chinnereth. Then the border will go down along the Jordan and end at the Salt Sea. This will be your land, defined by its borders on all sides."

2. Ezekiel 47:18 : The prophet Ezekiel also provides a vision of the land's boundaries, which includes the eastern border. "On the east side, the border will run between Hauran and Damascus, along the Jordan between Gilead and the land of Israel, to the eastern sea as far as Tamar. This will be the eastern boundary."

Geographical Context:

The eastern border of ancient Israel is marked by several key geographical features. It extends from the northern point at Hazar-enan, moving southward through areas such as Shepham and Riblah, and follows the Jordan River down to the Salt Sea, also known as the Dead Sea. This border encompasses regions that are now part of modern-day Jordan and Syria.

Theological Significance:

The delineation of the eastern border is not merely a geographical concern but holds deep theological significance. It represents the fulfillment of God's covenant with the patriarchs, promising them a land for their descendants. The borders of the Promised Land are a testament to God's faithfulness and the establishment of Israel as a nation set apart for His purposes.

Historical Context:

Throughout Israel's history, the eastern border has been a point of contention and conflict. The territories east of the Jordan River, such as Gilead and Bashan, were often sites of military campaigns and interactions with neighboring peoples like the Ammonites and Moabites. The control and defense of this border were crucial for the security and prosperity of the Israelite nation.

Cultural and Symbolic Aspects:

In addition to its physical and historical implications, the eastern border carries symbolic meaning. It represents the boundary between the known and the unknown, the settled land of Israel and the wilderness beyond. This border is a reminder of the Israelites' journey from slavery in Egypt to freedom in the Promised Land, a journey marked by reliance on God's guidance and provision.

The eastern border, as described in the Bible, is a multifaceted concept that encompasses geographical, theological, historical, and symbolic dimensions, reflecting the complex relationship between God and His chosen people.