The distribution of the conquered land refers to the allocation of the land of Canaan among the tribes of Israel following their conquest under the leadership of Joshua. This event is a significant milestone in the history of Israel, marking the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham regarding the inheritance of the Promised Land (Genesis 12:7).

Biblical Context

The narrative of the distribution is primarily found in the Book of Joshua, chapters 13 through 21. After the Israelites, under Joshua's command, had subdued much of Canaan, the land was divided among the twelve tribes of Israel. This division was not merely a political or military act but was deeply rooted in the covenantal promises of God.

Method of Distribution

The distribution was conducted by casting lots, a method believed to reflect divine will, ensuring that the allocation was according to God's plan. Joshua 14:2 states, "Their inheritance was assigned by lot in the presence of the LORD, as He had commanded through Moses for the nine and a half tribes."

Tribal Allotments

1. Reuben, Gad, and Half-Tribe of Manasseh: These tribes received their inheritance east of the Jordan River, as previously arranged with Moses (Numbers 32). Joshua 13 details their specific territories.

2. Judah: The tribe of Judah received a large portion of land in the southern part of Canaan, as described in Joshua 15. This area included significant cities such as Hebron and Jerusalem.

3. Ephraim and the Other Half-Tribe of Manasseh: These tribes were allotted land in the central region of Canaan, as recorded in Joshua 16 and 17. The territory included fertile lands and strategic locations.

4. Benjamin, Simeon, Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and Dan: The remaining tribes received their portions as detailed in Joshua 18 and 19. Each tribe's inheritance was distinct, with boundaries carefully described.

Levitical Cities

The Levites, who were set apart for priestly duties, did not receive a contiguous territory like the other tribes. Instead, they were given cities scattered throughout the land, along with surrounding pasturelands. Joshua 21:41 notes, "Altogether, the Levites received forty-eight cities with their pasturelands."

Cities of Refuge

Six cities were designated as cities of refuge, providing asylum for individuals who committed unintentional manslaughter. These cities were strategically located to be accessible from anywhere in Israel, as outlined in Joshua 20.

Significance

The distribution of the land was a tangible expression of God's faithfulness to His promises. It established the tribes in their respective territories, setting the stage for the development of Israelite society and governance. The careful delineation of boundaries underscored the importance of order and justice in the new nation.

Challenges and Unfinished Tasks

Despite the successful distribution, the Israelites faced challenges in fully possessing the land. Some Canaanite inhabitants remained, and certain areas were not entirely conquered, as noted in Joshua 13:13 : "Yet the Israelites did not drive out the Geshurites or the Maacathites, so Geshur and Maacath dwell among the Israelites to this day."

The distribution of the conquered land remains a pivotal event in biblical history, reflecting both the fulfillment of divine promises and the ongoing challenges of living in accordance with God's covenant.