Biblical Context:
Daniel's refusal of rewards is a significant event recorded in the Book of Daniel, specifically in Daniel 5. This event takes place during the reign of Belshazzar, the last king of Babylon, and highlights Daniel's unwavering commitment to God and his rejection of earthly rewards in favor of divine wisdom and integrity.

Narrative Overview:
The narrative unfolds during a lavish feast hosted by King Belshazzar, where the sacred vessels from the Jerusalem temple are profaned. In the midst of the revelry, a mysterious hand appears and writes an enigmatic message on the wall. Terrified and desperate for an interpretation, Belshazzar summons his wise men, but they fail to decipher the writing. The queen suggests calling Daniel, known for his exceptional wisdom and insight.

When Daniel is brought before the king, Belshazzar offers him lavish rewards, including a purple robe, a gold chain, and the position of third highest ruler in the kingdom, if he can interpret the writing. Daniel, however, responds with remarkable integrity and humility. He declines the king's offers, saying, "Keep your gifts for yourself, or give your rewards to someone else. Nevertheless, I will read the writing for the king and tell him what it means" (Daniel 5:17).

Interpretation of the Writing:
Daniel proceeds to interpret the writing, which reads "MENE, MENE, TEKEL, PARSIN." He explains that these words signify God's judgment on Belshazzar's reign: "MENE" means that God has numbered the days of the kingdom and brought it to an end; "TEKEL" means that the king has been weighed and found wanting; "PARSIN" (or "PERES") indicates that the kingdom will be divided and given to the Medes and Persians (Daniel 5:26-28).

Theological Significance:
Daniel's refusal of rewards underscores several key theological themes. First, it highlights the principle of divine wisdom over earthly gain. Daniel's ability to interpret the writing is attributed not to human wisdom but to the divine insight granted by God. His refusal to accept rewards emphasizes his reliance on God rather than material wealth or status.

Second, Daniel's actions demonstrate a profound commitment to integrity and faithfulness. By rejecting the king's offers, Daniel maintains his allegiance to God, refusing to be swayed by temporal power or riches. This act of faithfulness serves as a testament to his character and his unwavering devotion to God's will.

Lastly, the event foreshadows the ultimate sovereignty of God over earthly kingdoms. Daniel's interpretation of the writing reveals God's control over the rise and fall of empires, affirming the biblical truth that God is the ultimate judge and ruler of all nations.

Historical and Cultural Context:
In the ancient Near Eastern context, the offer of rewards for interpreting omens or dreams was a common practice. Such rewards were intended to honor and incentivize those who could provide valuable insights to the ruling class. Daniel's refusal of these rewards would have been seen as countercultural, highlighting his distinct identity as a servant of the Most High God.

Application for Believers:
For contemporary believers, Daniel's refusal of rewards serves as an enduring example of prioritizing spiritual integrity over material gain. It challenges Christians to seek God's wisdom and guidance above all else and to remain faithful to His calling, regardless of worldly temptations or pressures. Daniel's account encourages believers to trust in God's sovereignty and to live lives marked by integrity, humility, and unwavering faith.