Fasting, a spiritual discipline observed throughout the Bible, is intended as an act of humility and devotion to God. However, Scripture provides a clear critique of fasting when it is performed hypocritically, emphasizing the importance of sincerity and genuine repentance over mere outward displays of piety.

Old Testament Insights

The prophet Isaiah delivers a poignant critique of hypocritical fasting in Isaiah 58. The Israelites are admonished for their superficial observance of fasts while neglecting justice and mercy. Isaiah 58:3-4 records the people's complaint: "'Why have we fasted, and You have not seen? Why have we humbled ourselves, and You have not noticed?' Behold, on the day of your fast, you do as you please and oppress all your workers. You fast with contention and strife to strike viciously with your fist. You cannot fast as you do today and have your voice be heard on high."

Isaiah emphasizes that true fasting is not merely abstaining from food but involves actions that reflect God's heart: "Is not this the fast that I choose: to break the chains of wickedness, to untie the cords of the yoke, to set the oppressed free, and to break every yoke?" (Isaiah 58:6). The prophet calls for a fast that results in social justice, compassion, and care for the needy.

New Testament Teachings

In the New Testament, Jesus addresses the issue of hypocritical fasting in the Sermon on the Mount. He warns against fasting for the sake of public recognition: "When you fast, do not be somber like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces to show men they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they already have their reward" (Matthew 6:16). Jesus instructs His followers to fast in secret, with sincerity, and for the purpose of drawing closer to God: "But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, so that your fasting will not be obvious to men, but only to your Father, who is unseen. And your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you" (Matthew 6:17-18).

The Heart of True Fasting

The biblical critique of hypocritical fasting underscores the importance of the heart's posture before God. Fasting, when done with the right intentions, is a powerful expression of repentance and dependence on God. It is not the outward act that God desires, but a heart that seeks to align with His will and purposes. The consistent biblical message is that fasting should lead to transformation, both personally and in the broader community, reflecting God's justice, mercy, and love.