The terms "contrite" and "lowly in spirit" are deeply rooted in biblical theology, reflecting a posture of humility and repentance that is highly esteemed by God. These concepts are often intertwined in Scripture, emphasizing the heart's condition before the Lord.

Contrite in Spirit

The word "contrite" is derived from the Hebrew word "dakka," which means crushed or broken. In the biblical context, it refers to a heart that is deeply sorrowful for sin and genuinely repentant. This state of being is not merely an emotional response but a profound recognition of one's own sinfulness and the need for God's mercy.

Isaiah 57:15 captures this beautifully: "For thus says the One who is high and lifted up, who inhabits eternity, whose name is Holy: 'I dwell in the high and holy place, and also with him who is of a contrite and lowly spirit, to revive the spirit of the lowly, and to revive the heart of the contrite.'" Here, God promises His presence and revival to those who are contrite, indicating His favor towards a repentant heart.

Psalm 51, a psalm of David, is a classic example of contrition. After his sin with Bathsheba, David cries out to God, acknowledging his transgressions and seeking forgiveness. In Psalm 51:17 , he declares, "The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart, O God, You will not despise." This verse underscores the value God places on a heart that is broken over sin and earnestly seeks reconciliation with Him.

Lowly in Spirit

The term "lowly in spirit" is closely related to humility. It denotes a disposition that is humble, meek, and submissive to God's will. This attitude is not one of self-deprecation but rather an acknowledgment of one's dependence on God and a willingness to submit to His authority.

In Matthew 5:3 , Jesus begins the Beatitudes with, "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven." This phrase "poor in spirit" parallels the concept of being lowly in spirit, highlighting the blessedness of those who recognize their spiritual poverty and need for God.

Isaiah 66:2 further illustrates this: "Has not My hand made all these things, and so they came into being? declares the LORD. This is the one I will esteem: he who is humble and contrite in spirit, who trembles at My word." Here, God esteems those who are humble and contrite, indicating that such a spirit is precious in His sight.

Theological Significance

The contrite and lowly in spirit are those who approach God with humility and repentance, recognizing their need for His grace and mercy. This posture is essential for a right relationship with God, as it aligns with His character and His desire for His people to walk in humility and obedience.

Throughout Scripture, God consistently opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble (James 4:6). The contrite and lowly in spirit are assured of God's presence, favor, and revival, as they embody the heart attitude that God desires from His followers.