Etymology and Meaning:
Beth Zur, meaning "House of the Rock" in Hebrew, is a significant biblical location mentioned in the Old Testament. The name reflects its strategic and fortified nature, likely due to its elevated position and natural defenses.

Biblical References:
Beth Zur is first mentioned in the context of the tribal allotments in the Book of Joshua. It is listed as one of the towns in the hill country of Judah: "Halhul, Beth Zur, and Gedor" (Joshua 15:58). This indicates its inclusion within the territory assigned to the tribe of Judah.

Historical and Geographical Context:
Beth Zur is identified with the modern site of Khirbet et-Tubeiqa, located approximately 4 miles north of Hebron. Its strategic location on the road from Jerusalem to Hebron made it an important military and administrative center throughout various periods of Israelite history.

Role in the Maccabean Revolt:
Beth Zur gained prominence during the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire. It served as a stronghold for the Jewish forces. The First Book of Maccabees records that Judas Maccabeus fortified Beth Zur to protect against the advances of the Seleucid army: "Then Judas fortified Beth Zur to protect it, so that the people might have a stronghold in Idumea" (1 Maccabees 4:61). This fortification played a crucial role in the Jewish resistance and subsequent victories.

Nehemiah's Rebuilding Efforts:
In the post-exilic period, Beth Zur is mentioned in the context of Nehemiah's efforts to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah 3:16 notes that Nehemiah, son of Azbuk, ruler of half the district of Beth Zur, was involved in the reconstruction efforts. This indicates the continued importance of Beth Zur as a regional center during the Persian period.

Archaeological Findings:
Archaeological excavations at Beth Zur have uncovered remains from various periods, including the Iron Age, Hellenistic, and Roman periods. These findings corroborate the biblical accounts of its significance as a fortified city and its role in regional defense.

Theological Significance:
Beth Zur's mention in the biblical narrative highlights themes of divine providence and protection. Its strategic importance and the successful defense against foreign powers underscore the biblical theme of God's deliverance and support for His people in times of conflict.

Conclusion:
Beth Zur stands as a testament to the historical and theological narratives of the Bible, reflecting the enduring legacy of the biblical lands and their significance in the unfolding account of God's people.