Proverbs 29:13

The poor man and the oppressor have this in common: The LORD gives light to the eyes of both.

Study Bible

The poor man
The Hebrew word for "poor" here is "רָשׁ" (rash), which refers to someone who is destitute or lacking in material wealth. In the ancient Near Eastern context, poverty was often seen as a state of vulnerability and dependence. The Bible frequently emphasizes God's concern for the poor, highlighting His justice and mercy. This phrase reminds us that poverty is not a barrier to God's presence or His provision. The poor are often depicted as having a special place in God's heart, and their reliance on Him can be a powerful testimony of faith.

and the oppressor
The term "oppressor" is translated from the Hebrew word "תּוֹכֵן" (tokhen), which can mean someone who is deceitful or who exploits others. In biblical times, oppressors were often those in positions of power who took advantage of the vulnerable. This phrase serves as a stark contrast to the "poor man," highlighting the moral and ethical divide between those who suffer and those who cause suffering. Yet, it also sets the stage for the profound truth that follows, showing that despite their differences, both are under God's sovereign watch.

have this in common
This phrase underscores a shared reality between two seemingly disparate groups. It suggests a fundamental equality before God, regardless of social or economic status. In a world often divided by wealth and power, this commonality points to the universal nature of God's creation and His impartiality. It is a reminder that all humans, regardless of their earthly circumstances, are created in the image of God and are subject to His divine authority and care.

The LORD
The use of "The LORD" here is significant, as it refers to "Yahweh," the covenant name of God in the Hebrew Bible. This name emphasizes God's eternal presence, faithfulness, and His relationship with His people. It is a reminder that the same God who delivered Israel from Egypt and established His covenant with them is the one who oversees the lives of both the poor and the oppressor. His sovereignty and justice are central to understanding this verse.

gives light to the eyes of both
The phrase "gives light to the eyes" is a metaphor for life and understanding. In Hebrew, "אוֹר" (or) means light, and it often symbolizes knowledge, wisdom, and divine revelation. This phrase suggests that God is the source of life and enlightenment for all people, regardless of their status. It implies that both the poor and the oppressor are sustained by God's grace and are given the ability to perceive and understand the world. This divine illumination is a gift that transcends human distinctions and calls all people to recognize their dependence on God. It is a powerful reminder of God's omnipresence and His desire for all to come to the knowledge of truth.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Poor Man
Represents those who are economically disadvantaged or marginalized in society. In biblical times, the poor often relied on the generosity and justice of others for survival.

2. The Oppressor
Refers to individuals or groups who exploit or unjustly treat others, often using their power or wealth to dominate or control.

3. The LORD
The covenant name of God, Yahweh, who is the ultimate source of life and justice. He is depicted as the one who provides light and understanding to all people, regardless of their social status.

Teaching Points

Equality Before God
Despite social or economic differences, all people are equal in the eyes of God. He provides the same basic gift of life and understanding to both the poor and the oppressor.

Divine Justice and Mercy
God's provision of light to both the poor and the oppressor highlights His justice and mercy. It serves as a reminder that God’s grace is available to all, and His justice will ultimately prevail.

Responsibility of the Oppressor
Those in positions of power should recognize that their ability to see and understand comes from God. This should lead to humility and a commitment to justice and righteousness.

Hope for the Poor
The poor can find hope in knowing that God sees them and provides for them. They are not forgotten, and their plight is known to the Lord who gives light to their eyes.

Call to Action for Believers
Christians are called to reflect God's light in the world by advocating for justice, helping the poor, and challenging oppression wherever it is found.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding that God gives light to both the poor and the oppressor change your perspective on social justice issues?

2. In what ways can you reflect God's light in your community, especially towards those who are marginalized or oppressed?

3. How does the concept of divine justice and mercy in Proverbs 29:13 challenge you to examine your own actions and attitudes towards others?

4. What are some practical steps you can take to ensure that you are not acting as an oppressor in your relationships or community?

5. How can the church collectively work to bring light and hope to both the poor and those who may be acting as oppressors?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 1:3-4
The concept of God giving light is foundational in the creation account, where God creates light and separates it from darkness, symbolizing order and understanding.

Job 33:30
This verse speaks of God bringing back a soul from the pit to be enlightened with the light of life, emphasizing God's role in providing spiritual and physical illumination.

John 1:9
Jesus is described as the true light that gives light to every person, connecting the idea of divine illumination to the coming of Christ.