Joshua 21:13

So to the descendants of Aaron the priest they gave these cities, together with their pasturelands: Hebron, a city of refuge for the manslayer, Libnah,

Study Bible

So to the descendants of Aaron the priest
The phrase highlights the special status of Aaron's lineage within the Israelite community. Aaron, the brother of Moses, was the first high priest, and his descendants were set apart for priestly duties. This lineage is significant as it underscores the continuity of the priestly office, which was central to Israel's worship and relationship with God. The Hebrew root for "priest" is "kohen," indicating one who mediates between God and the people, emphasizing the sacred role of Aaron's descendants in maintaining the spiritual health of the nation.

they gave Hebron
Hebron is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a rich history that predates the Israelite conquest. It was originally called Kiriath Arba and is significant as the burial place of the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The giving of Hebron to the priests signifies the importance of this city not only as a historical and spiritual center but also as a place of refuge and sanctuary. The Hebrew name "Hebron" means "association" or "friendship," reflecting its role as a place of community and covenant.

(a city of refuge for the manslayer)
The concept of a city of refuge is rooted in the Mosaic Law, providing asylum for those who committed unintentional manslaughter. This provision reflects God's justice and mercy, ensuring that the innocent are protected while awaiting trial. The cities of refuge symbolize God's provision for grace and protection, pointing to the ultimate refuge found in Christ. The Hebrew term for "refuge" is "miqlat," indicating a place of safety and protection, underscoring God's care for His people.

with its pasturelands
The inclusion of pasturelands indicates the practical provision for the Levites, who did not receive a territorial inheritance like the other tribes. These lands provided sustenance for their livestock, ensuring their physical needs were met. The Hebrew word for "pasturelands" is "migrash," referring to open lands surrounding the cities, highlighting God's provision for the daily needs of those dedicated to His service.

in the hill country of Judah
The hill country of Judah is a region known for its rugged terrain and strategic importance. It was the heartland of the tribe of Judah, from which King David would later arise. This location signifies strength and stability, as Judah was a leading tribe in Israel. The Hebrew term "Judah" means "praise," reflecting the tribe's role in leading the nation in worship and its connection to the Messianic promise. The allocation of Hebron in this region to the priests underscores the intertwining of worship, leadership, and God's promises to His people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Aaron
The first high priest of Israel, brother of Moses, and ancestor of the Levitical priesthood. His descendants were given specific cities as part of their inheritance.

2. Hebron
A significant city in the hill country of Judah, designated as a city of refuge. It holds historical importance as the place where Abraham settled and where David was anointed king.

3. City of Refuge
A city designated as a safe haven for those who committed unintentional manslaughter, providing protection from the avenger of blood until a fair trial could be conducted.

4. Levites
The tribe of Levi, set apart for religious duties and service to the Lord. They were not given a territorial inheritance like other tribes but were assigned specific cities and pasturelands.

5. Judah
One of the twelve tribes of Israel, known for its leadership and prominence. The hill country of Judah was part of the territory allotted to this tribe.

Teaching Points

God's Provision for Justice and Mercy
The establishment of cities of refuge demonstrates God's concern for justice and mercy, ensuring protection for those who accidentally cause harm. This reflects God's character and His desire for a fair and compassionate society.

The Role of the Priesthood
The allocation of Hebron to the descendants of Aaron underscores the importance of the priesthood in Israel. It reminds us of the spiritual leadership and intercessory role that priests played, pointing forward to Christ as our ultimate High Priest.

Inheritance and Responsibility
The Levites' inheritance of cities rather than land signifies their unique role and responsibility in serving God and His people. This can inspire us to consider how we use our own "inheritance" or resources for God's purposes.

Sanctuary and Safety in God
Hebron as a city of refuge symbolizes the safety and sanctuary we find in God. Just as the manslayer could flee to Hebron for protection, we can seek refuge in God amidst life's challenges.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of a city of refuge reflect God's character, and how can we apply this principle of justice and mercy in our own lives?

2. In what ways does the role of the Levites and their inheritance challenge us to think about our own service and dedication to God?

3. How does the allocation of Hebron to the descendants of Aaron connect to the broader theme of God's provision and faithfulness in the Bible?

4. What parallels can we draw between the cities of refuge in the Old Testament and the refuge we find in Christ today?

5. How can understanding the historical and spiritual significance of places like Hebron enrich our reading of the Bible and our relationship with God?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 35
This chapter outlines the establishment of cities of refuge, providing context for their purpose and function within Israelite society.

Deuteronomy 19
Further instructions on the cities of refuge, emphasizing justice and mercy in the legal system of Israel.

1 Chronicles 6
Lists the cities given to the Levites, including Hebron, highlighting the distribution of land to the priestly tribe.