Joshua 18:22
Beth-arabah, Zemaraim, Bethel,
Beth-arabah
Beth-arabah is a location mentioned in the allotment of land for the tribe of Benjamin. It is situated in the Jordan Valley, near the Dead Sea. The name means "house of the desert" or "house of the plain," indicating its geographical setting in a dry, arid region. This area was part of the wilderness that the Israelites traversed during their journey to the Promised Land. The mention of Beth-arabah highlights the diverse terrain that the tribe of Benjamin inherited, from fertile lands to desert areas. This location is also referenced in Joshua 15:6 and Joshua 15:61, indicating its significance in the boundary descriptions of both Judah and Benjamin.

Zemaraim
Zemaraim is a town within the territory of Benjamin, and its name is associated with a hill or a high place. The town is mentioned in 2 Chronicles 13:4 as the site where King Abijah of Judah addressed the northern kingdom of Israel, emphasizing its strategic and elevated position. This location underscores the historical tensions between the divided kingdoms of Israel and Judah. The name Zemaraim may also be linked to the Zemarites, a Canaanite tribe mentioned in Genesis 10:18, suggesting a possible connection to the original inhabitants of the land before the Israelite conquest.

Bethel
Bethel is a significant biblical site, known as the "house of God." It is a place of profound spiritual encounters, most notably where Jacob dreamt of a ladder reaching to heaven (Genesis 28:10-19). Bethel became a central location for worship and was later associated with the northern kingdom's idolatry when Jeroboam set up a golden calf there (1 Kings 12:28-29). The town's inclusion in Benjamin's territory highlights its importance in Israel's religious history and its role as a spiritual center. Bethel's legacy is a reminder of both divine encounters and the dangers of turning away from true worship.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Beth-arabah
A town located in the wilderness of Judah, near the Dead Sea. It was part of the territory allotted to the tribe of Benjamin. The name means "house of the desert" or "house of the plain," indicating its geographical setting.

2. Zemaraim
A town in the hill country of Ephraim, also within the territory of Benjamin. It is associated with the historical context of the division of the land among the tribes of Israel.

3. Bethel
A significant city in biblical history, Bethel means "house of God." It was a central location for worship and a place where God appeared to Jacob. It is located in the territory of Benjamin and has deep spiritual and historical significance.
Teaching Points
God's Faithfulness in Fulfillment
The allocation of land to the tribes of Israel, including the towns mentioned in Joshua 18:22, demonstrates God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises. Just as God was faithful to Israel, He remains faithful to His promises to us today.

Significance of Place in Worship
Bethel's history as a place of divine encounter reminds us of the importance of setting aside places and times for worship and meeting with God. It challenges us to create "Bethels" in our own lives where we can encounter God.

Guarding Against Idolatry
The later history of Bethel as a center of idolatry serves as a warning to guard our hearts against anything that might take the place of God in our lives. We must remain vigilant in our worship and devotion.

Inheritance and Identity
The division of the land among the tribes of Israel speaks to the importance of inheritance and identity. As believers, we have an inheritance in Christ that defines our identity and purpose.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the allocation of land to the tribe of Benjamin, including towns like Beth-arabah, Zemaraim, and Bethel, reflect God's faithfulness to His promises?

2. In what ways can we create "Bethels" in our own lives, places where we intentionally meet with God and seek His presence?

3. Considering Bethel's later history as a center of idolatry, what steps can we take to guard our hearts against modern-day idols?

4. How does understanding our spiritual inheritance in Christ shape our identity and purpose as believers?

5. Reflect on a time when you experienced God's faithfulness in your life. How can this encourage you in your current circumstances?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 28
Bethel is where Jacob had his dream of the ladder reaching to heaven, marking it as a place of divine encounter and promise.

1 Kings 12
Bethel becomes a center of idolatrous worship under King Jeroboam, highlighting the tension between true worship and idolatry.

Joshua 15
The allocation of land to the tribes of Israel, including the mention of Beth-arabah, provides context for the division of the land and God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to the descendants of Abraham.
Joshua's RemonstranceR. P. Buddicom, M. A.Joshua 18:1-28
Religion in the New LandW. G. Blaikie, D. D.Joshua 18:1-28
Slack to PossessW. Seaton.Joshua 18:1-28
People
Addar, Ben, Benjamin, Bohan, Ephron, Gad, Gibeon, Hoglah, Israelites, Joseph, Joshua, Levites, Manasseh, Ophrah, Rekem, Reuben
Places
Adummim, Arabah, Ataroth-addar, Avvim, Beeroth, Beth-arabah, Beth-aven, Bethel, Beth-hoglah, Beth-horon, Emek-keziz, En-rogel, En-shemesh, Ephron, Geba, Geliloth, Gibeah, Gibeon, Haeleph, Irpeel, Jebus, Jericho, Jerusalem, Jordan River, Kiriath-baal, Kiriath-jearim, Luz, Mizpeh, Mozah, Nephtoah, Ophni, Ophrah, Parah, Ramah, Rekem, Salt Sea, Shiloh, Taralah, Valley of Hinnom, Valley of Rephaim, Zela, Zemaraim
Topics
Arabah, Beth, Betharabah, Beth-arabah, Bethel, Beth-el, Zemaraim, Zemara'im
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Joshua 18:11-28

     5235   boundary

Library
The Northern Coast of Judea. Beth-Horon.
This coast is marked out Joshua 18:12; where, at verse 14, are very many versions to be corrected, which render the sea; such are, the Syriac, the Seventy, the Vulgar, the Italian, ours, &c.: whence ariseth a sense of insuperable difficulty to a chorographical eye: when it should, indeed, be rendered of the west, as the Chaldee, Arabic, R. Solomon, &c. rightly do. We read of a double Beth-horon in the Old Testament, but one only under the second Temple... At that place that great Canaanitish army
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Ramah. Ramathaim Zophim. Gibeah.
There was a certain Ramah, in the tribe of Benjamin, Joshua 18:25, and that within sight of Jerusalem, as it seems, Judges 19:13; where it is named with Gibeah:--and elsewhere, Hosea 5:8; which towns were not much distant. See 1 Samuel 22:6; "Saul sat in Gibeah, under a grove in Ramah." Here the Gemarists trifle: "Whence is it (say they) that Ramah is placed near Gibea? To hint to you, that the speech of Samuel of Ramah was the cause, why Saul remained two years and a half in Gibeah." They blindly
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Beth-El. Beth-Aven.
Josephus thus describes the land of Benjamin; "The Benjamites' portion of land was from the river Jordan to the sea, in length: in breadth, it was bounded by Jerusalem and Beth-el." Let these last words be marked, "The breadth of the land of Benjamin was bounded by Jerusalem and Beth-el." May we not justly conclude, from these words, that Jerusalem and Beth-el were opposite, as it were, in a right line? But if you look upon the maps, there are some that separate these by a very large tract of land,
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Retiring Before the Sanhedrin's Decree.
(Jerusalem and Ephraim in Judæa.) ^D John XI. 47-54. ^d 47 The chief priests therefore and the Pharisees gathered a council [called a meeting of the Sanhedrin], and said, What do we? [Thus they reproach one another for having done nothing in a present and urgent crisis. As two of their number (Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathæa) were afterwards in communications with Christians, it was easy for the disciples to find out what occurred on this notable occasion.] for this man doeth many signs.
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Flight into Egypt and Slaughter of the Bethlehem Children.
(Bethlehem and Road Thence to Egypt, b.c. 4.) ^A Matt. II. 13-18. ^a 13 Now when they were departed [The text favors the idea that the arrival and departure of the magi and the departure of Joseph for Egypt, all occurred in one night. If so, the people of Bethlehem knew nothing of these matters], behold, the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise [this command calls for immediate departure] and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt [This land was ever the
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Subjects of Study. Home Education in Israel; Female Education. Elementary Schools, Schoolmasters, and School Arrangements.
If a faithful picture of society in ancient Greece or Rome were to be presented to view, it is not easy to believe that even they who now most oppose the Bible could wish their aims success. For this, at any rate, may be asserted, without fear of gainsaying, that no other religion than that of the Bible has proved competent to control an advanced, or even an advancing, state of civilisation. Every other bound has been successively passed and submerged by the rising tide; how deep only the student
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Joshua
The book of Joshua is the natural complement of the Pentateuch. Moses is dead, but the people are on the verge of the promised land, and the story of early Israel would be incomplete, did it not record the conquest of that land and her establishment upon it. The divine purpose moves restlessly on, until it is accomplished; so "after the death of Moses, Jehovah spake to Joshua," i. 1. The book falls naturally into three divisions: (a) the conquest of Canaan (i.-xii.), (b) the settlement of the
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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