Joshua 17:3

But Zelophehad son of Hepher (the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh) had no sons but only daughters. These are the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah.

Study Bible

Now Zelophehad son of Hepher
The mention of Zelophehad, a descendant of Manasseh, highlights the importance of lineage and inheritance in Israelite society. The name "Zelophehad" is of Hebrew origin, meaning "protection from terror," which may reflect the hope or character attributed to him by his family. Hepher, his father, is part of the genealogy that ties Zelophehad to the tribe of Manasseh, one of the sons of Joseph. This connection underscores the tribal identity and the significance of maintaining family heritage within the Promised Land.

the son of Gilead, the son of Makir, the son of Manasseh
This genealogical line traces back to Manasseh, one of the two sons of Joseph, who was a key figure in the history of Israel. Gilead and Makir are significant as they represent the regions and clans within the tribe of Manasseh. The name "Gilead" is often associated with a mountainous region east of the Jordan River, known for its balm and rugged terrain. "Makir" is noted as a warrior clan, emphasizing the strength and valor associated with this lineage. The connection to Manasseh, Joseph's firstborn, highlights the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs, ensuring that their descendants would inherit the land.

had no sons, but only daughters
This phrase introduces a unique situation in the patriarchal society of ancient Israel, where inheritance typically passed through male descendants. The absence of sons in Zelophehad's family sets the stage for a significant legal and theological development regarding the rights of women in inheritance. This situation challenges the traditional norms and opens the door for God's justice and provision to be demonstrated in a new way.

Their names were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah
The listing of Zelophehad's daughters by name is significant, as it grants them individual recognition and importance in the biblical narrative. Each name carries meaning and reflects the character or hope of the family. "Mahlah" can mean "sickness" or "forgiveness," suggesting a narrative of redemption. "Noah," meaning "rest" or "comfort," echoes the hope for peace and stability. "Hoglah" may mean "partridge," a bird known for its resilience. "Milcah," meaning "queen" or "counsel," suggests wisdom and leadership. "Tirzah," meaning "delight" or "pleasure," reflects beauty and favor. The inclusion of their names emphasizes their role in the unfolding account of God's people and His provision for justice and equity, as later seen in their successful appeal for inheritance rights in Numbers 27. This narrative not only highlights God's care for all His people but also foreshadows the inclusive nature of His kingdom, where all are valued and have a place in His divine plan.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Zelophehad
A descendant of Manasseh, son of Joseph. He had no sons, only daughters, which was significant in the context of inheritance laws in ancient Israel.

2. Hepher
Father of Zelophehad, part of the lineage of Manasseh, one of the tribes of Israel.

3. Gilead
A region east of the Jordan River, also a descendant in the lineage of Manasseh.

4. Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah
The daughters of Zelophehad who approached Moses to claim their inheritance rights, setting a precedent for inheritance laws for women in Israel.

5. Manasseh
One of the tribes of Israel, descended from Joseph, and significant in the division of the Promised Land.

Teaching Points

Courage in Faith
Zelophehad's daughters demonstrated courage by approaching Moses and the leaders to claim their inheritance. This teaches us to boldly approach God and seek justice in accordance with His will.

God's Justice and Fairness
The account illustrates God's fairness and justice, as He provided a way for the daughters to receive their inheritance. It reminds us that God values justice and equity.

Role of Women in God's Plan
The inclusion of Zelophehad's daughters in the inheritance laws shows that women have a significant role in God's plan. This encourages us to recognize and support the contributions of women in the church and society.

Obedience to God's Commands
The daughters' actions were in line with God's commands, showing the importance of obedience and trust in God's provision.

Legacy and Inheritance
The passage encourages us to consider the spiritual legacy we leave behind and the importance of passing on faith and values to the next generation.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the account of Zelophehad's daughters challenge traditional views on inheritance and gender roles in biblical times?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate courage and faith in our own lives when facing societal norms that may seem unjust?

3. How does the inclusion of women in the inheritance laws reflect God's character and His view of justice?

4. What lessons can we learn from the daughters of Zelophehad about approaching God with our requests and concerns?

5. How can we ensure that we are leaving a spiritual legacy for future generations, similar to the inheritance sought by Zelophehad's daughters?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 27:1-11
This passage details the initial request of Zelophehad's daughters to Moses for an inheritance, highlighting their faith and courage.

Numbers 36:1-12
Discusses the conditions under which the daughters could marry to ensure the inheritance remained within the tribe, emphasizing the importance of tribal integrity.

Galatians 3:28
While not directly related, this verse speaks to the equality of all in Christ, reflecting the breaking of traditional barriers, similar to the daughters' challenge to inheritance norms.