Job 21:23

One man dies full of vigor, completely secure and at ease.

Study Bible

One man dies
The phrase "One man dies" introduces the universal reality of death, which is a central theme in the Book of Job. In Hebrew, the word for "man" here is "אִישׁ" (ish), which can refer to a person in general, emphasizing the individual nature of human experience. The inevitability of death is a reminder of the transient nature of life, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture, urging believers to live with an eternal perspective.

full of vigor
The Hebrew word for "vigor" is "תֹּם" (tom), which conveys a sense of completeness or wholeness. This suggests a life lived in fullness and strength, highlighting the contrast between the vitality of life and the suddenness of death. The phrase underscores the unpredictability of life and death, reminding us that earthly strength and health are not guarantees against mortality.

completely secure
The term "secure" in Hebrew is "שָׁלֵו" (shalev), which implies a state of peace and tranquility. This word paints a picture of a life free from anxiety and fear, a state that many strive for but few achieve. In the context of Job, it challenges the assumption that a peaceful life is a reward for righteousness, as Job himself is righteous yet suffers greatly.

and at ease
The phrase "at ease" is translated from the Hebrew "שָׁאֲנָן" (sha'anan), meaning to be in a state of rest or complacency. This word suggests a life without disturbance or trouble, a condition that seems enviable. However, Job's discourse questions the fairness of life, where both the wicked and the righteous can experience ease or suffering, challenging the simplistic view of retributive justice.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Job
The central figure in the Book of Job, a man of great faith and patience who undergoes severe trials and suffering. In this chapter, Job is responding to his friends' arguments about the prosperity of the wicked.

2. Job's Friends
Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, who argue that suffering is a result of sin and that prosperity is a sign of righteousness. Job challenges their simplistic view of divine justice.

3. The Land of Uz
The setting of the Book of Job, traditionally considered to be in the region of Edom or northern Arabia.

4. The Prosperous Man
Represents those who live a life of ease and security, yet still face death, challenging the notion that prosperity is a sign of divine favor.

5. The Event of Death
A universal event that Job uses to illustrate the seeming randomness of prosperity and suffering in life.

Teaching Points

The Unpredictability of Life
Life's circumstances, whether prosperity or suffering, do not always correlate with one's righteousness or sinfulness. Trust in God's sovereignty rather than in material security.

The Universality of Death
Death is the great equalizer, affecting both the prosperous and the suffering. This should prompt us to focus on eternal values rather than temporary comforts.

Challenging Simplistic Theology
Job's discourse challenges the notion that prosperity is always a sign of God's favor. We must be cautious in making assumptions about others' spiritual states based on their material conditions.

Finding Security in God
True security and ease come from a relationship with God, not from earthly wealth or status. Our ultimate hope and peace should be rooted in Him.

Reflecting on Eternal Perspective
Consider how our lives align with God's eternal purposes. Are we living with an eternal perspective, or are we focused on temporary gains?

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Job 21:23 challenge the belief that prosperity is a sign of God's favor? Reflect on your own views about wealth and righteousness.

2. In what ways does the universality of death impact your perspective on life and priorities? How can this perspective influence your daily decisions?

3. How can we find true security and peace in God amidst life's uncertainties, as illustrated in Job 21:23?

4. Compare Job's observations in Job 21:23 with the teachings of Jesus in the parable of the rich fool (Luke 12:16-21). What lessons can we draw about the dangers of placing our trust in material wealth?

5. Reflect on a time when you or someone you know experienced prosperity or suffering that seemed unrelated to their spiritual life. How did this experience shape your understanding of God's justice and sovereignty?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Ecclesiastes 8:14
This verse discusses the apparent injustice in the world where the righteous suffer and the wicked prosper, echoing Job's observations.

Psalm 73
Asaph's struggle with the prosperity of the wicked and his realization of their ultimate end parallels Job's discourse on the seeming prosperity of the wicked.

Luke 12:16-21
The parable of the rich fool, which warns against placing security in material wealth, aligns with Job's message about the fleeting nature of earthly prosperity.