Job 18:20

Those in the west are appalled at his fate, while those in the east tremble in horror.

Study Bible

Those in the west
The phrase "those in the west" refers to people who are geographically distant from the immediate context of Job's suffering. In the Hebrew text, the word used can be understood as "those who come after" or "those who follow," indicating a broader audience beyond Job's immediate circle. This suggests that the impact of Job's plight is far-reaching, affecting even those who are not directly involved. Historically, the "west" could refer to regions like Egypt or the Mediterranean, areas known for their own cultural and religious significance. The reaction of these distant observers underscores the universality of Job's story, highlighting how suffering and divine justice are themes that resonate across different cultures and times.

are appalled at his fate
The word "appalled" in Hebrew conveys a sense of astonishment mixed with fear. It implies a reaction of shock and dismay at the severity of Job's suffering. The term "fate" here refers to the outcome or destiny that has befallen Job, which is perceived as unjust and extreme. This reaction from those in the west emphasizes the gravity of Job's situation, serving as a testament to the profound and bewildering nature of his trials. It also reflects the broader human struggle to comprehend the reasons behind suffering and the apparent absence of divine intervention.

while those in the east
"Those in the east" refers to people who are geographically closer to Job, possibly his contemporaries or neighboring communities. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the "east" could include regions like Mesopotamia or Arabia, areas with their own rich traditions and wisdom literature. The mention of both east and west indicates a comprehensive scope, suggesting that Job's account is known and pondered by people from all directions. This geographical inclusivity highlights the widespread impact of Job's narrative and the universal questions it raises about suffering and divine justice.

tremble in horror
The phrase "tremble in horror" conveys a visceral, physical reaction to the news of Job's suffering. The Hebrew word for "tremble" suggests a deep, unsettling fear, while "horror" indicates a profound sense of dread and revulsion. This reaction from those in the east underscores the intensity of Job's afflictions and the fear that such a fate could befall anyone. It reflects the ancient understanding of suffering as not only a personal trial but also a communal concern, where the misfortunes of one individual can evoke fear and reflection in others. This serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of humanity and the shared quest for understanding in the face of inexplicable suffering.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Bildad the Shuhite
One of Job's three friends who comes to comfort him but ends up arguing that Job's suffering is due to his own sin. Bildad is the speaker in Job 18.

2. Job
A wealthy and righteous man who experiences immense suffering and loss. His account is a central part of the wisdom literature in the Bible, exploring themes of suffering, justice, and faith.

3. The West and the East
These terms refer to the people living in the regions surrounding Job's homeland. Their reaction to Job's fate signifies the widespread impact and notoriety of his suffering.

4. Suffering and Judgment
The event of Job's suffering is seen by his friends as a divine judgment, which is a central theme in the dialogues between Job and his friends.

5. The Fate of the Wicked
Bildad's speech in Job 18 describes the fate of the wicked, which he mistakenly applies to Job, assuming Job's suffering is due to his wickedness.

Teaching Points

Understanding Misfortune
Misfortune is not always a sign of divine disfavor or personal sin. Job's account challenges the simplistic view that suffering is always a direct result of personal wrongdoing.

The Impact of Suffering
Job's suffering was so profound that it caused fear and horror in those who heard of it. This reminds us of the far-reaching impact our trials can have on others, prompting empathy and compassion.

Judging Others
Bildad's assumption about Job's guilt warns us against making hasty judgments about others' circumstances. We should approach others' suffering with humility and compassion.

The Sovereignty of God
Despite the confusion and pain, Job's account ultimately points to the sovereignty and wisdom of God, encouraging us to trust in His greater plan even when we do not understand.

Community Response to Suffering
The reaction of those in the east and west to Job's plight highlights the importance of community support and the need for a compassionate response to those who suffer.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Bildad's perspective on suffering and divine justice differ from the overall message of the Book of Job?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our response to others' suffering is compassionate and not judgmental, as seen in Bildad's approach?

3. How does the reaction of those in the east and west to Job's suffering reflect the broader impact of personal trials on a community?

4. What lessons can we learn from Job's account about maintaining faith and integrity in the face of unexplained suffering?

5. How do other scriptures, such as Psalm 73 and Ecclesiastes 8:14, help us understand the complexities of divine justice and human suffering?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Psalm 73
This psalm explores the apparent prosperity of the wicked and the suffering of the righteous, similar to the themes in Job. It ultimately concludes with a reaffirmation of God's justice and faithfulness.

Ecclesiastes 8:14
This verse discusses the paradox of righteous people suffering while wicked people prosper, echoing the central dilemma in the Book of Job.

Matthew 5:45
Jesus teaches that God causes the sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous, highlighting the complexity of divine justice.