Genesis 47:3

"What is your occupation?" Pharaoh asked Joseph's brothers. "Your servants are shepherds," they replied, "both we and our fathers."

Study Bible

What is your occupation?
This question from Pharaoh is not merely a matter of curiosity but a significant inquiry into the identity and social status of Joseph's brothers. In ancient Egypt, occupations were closely tied to one's social standing and identity. The Hebrew word for "occupation" here is "מַעֲשֶׂה" (ma'aseh), which can also mean work or deed. This reflects the importance of one's work as a reflection of character and societal role. In the biblical context, work is seen as a divine mandate, originating from God's command to Adam to tend the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:15). Thus, Pharaoh's question probes not only their economic role but also their cultural and familial identity.

Pharaoh asked Joseph’s brothers
Pharaoh's direct engagement with Joseph's brothers highlights the favor Joseph had found in Pharaoh's eyes. Typically, a ruler of such stature would not personally inquire about the details of foreigners' lives. This interaction underscores the trust and respect Joseph had earned, which extended to his family. Historically, this reflects the openness of Egypt during certain periods to foreign peoples, especially those who could contribute to the economy or society. Joseph's position as a vizier, second only to Pharaoh, facilitated this unprecedented access and favor.

and they answered
The brothers' response is immediate and straightforward, indicating their honesty and transparency. In the Hebrew culture, directness in speech was valued, and their answer reflects a humble acknowledgment of their status. This moment is pivotal as it sets the stage for their settlement in Goshen, a fertile area suitable for their occupation. Their response also demonstrates their acceptance of Joseph's guidance, trusting in his wisdom and the providence of God in this foreign land.

Your servants are shepherds
The term "shepherds" (רֹעֵי צֹאן, ro'ei tzon) carries significant weight in biblical literature. Shepherding was a common occupation among the Hebrews, symbolizing care, guidance, and provision. This role is often used metaphorically in Scripture to describe leaders, including God Himself as the Shepherd of Israel (Psalm 23). However, in Egyptian society, shepherds were often looked down upon, considered lowly and unclean. By identifying themselves as shepherds, Joseph's brothers embrace their heritage and the humility of their calling, trusting in God's provision despite potential prejudice.

both we and our fathers
This phrase emphasizes the continuity and tradition of their occupation, linking them to their patriarchal heritage. The Hebrew word for "fathers" (אָבוֹת, avot) signifies not only their immediate ancestors but also the covenantal lineage of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This connection to their forefathers underscores their identity as God's chosen people, set apart for His purposes. It also highlights the faithfulness of God across generations, as He continues to guide and provide for His people, even in foreign lands. This acknowledgment of their heritage serves as a testament to their faith and trust in God's promises.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt, who holds significant power and authority. In this context, he is interacting with Joseph's brothers.

2. Joseph's Brothers
The sons of Jacob, who have come to Egypt due to the famine in Canaan. They are seeking sustenance and a place to live.

3. Egypt
The land where Joseph has risen to power and where his family seeks refuge during the famine.

4. Shepherds
The occupation of Joseph's brothers, which is significant in the cultural and historical context of the time.

Teaching Points

Cultural Identity and Faithfulness
Joseph's brothers openly declare their occupation as shepherds, despite its low status in Egyptian society. This teaches us the importance of maintaining our identity and values, even when they are counter-cultural.

God's Provision in Times of Need
The brothers' journey to Egypt and their interaction with Pharaoh demonstrate God's provision and guidance during times of famine and hardship. We can trust God to provide for us in our times of need.

Humility and Service
The occupation of shepherding, often seen as humble and lowly, is embraced by Joseph's family. This reflects the biblical theme that God values humility and service over status and power.

Intercultural Interactions
The encounter between Joseph's family and Pharaoh highlights the challenges and opportunities in intercultural interactions. As Christians, we are called to navigate these interactions with wisdom and integrity.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the occupation of shepherding, as mentioned in Genesis 47:3, reflect the values and identity of Joseph's family? How can we apply this to maintaining our Christian identity in a secular world?

2. In what ways does the account of Joseph and his brothers in Egypt illustrate God's provision during difficult times? Can you think of a personal experience where you have seen God's provision?

3. How does the cultural perception of shepherds in Egypt compare to the biblical portrayal of shepherds? What does this teach us about God's values versus societal values?

4. How can we apply the humility and service demonstrated by Joseph's brothers in our own lives and communities today?

5. What lessons can we learn from Joseph's family's interaction with Pharaoh about engaging with people from different cultural or religious backgrounds? How can these lessons be applied in our current context?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 46:31-34
Joseph instructs his brothers on how to present themselves to Pharaoh, emphasizing their occupation as shepherds, which is detestable to Egyptians. This highlights the cultural differences and potential challenges they face.

Exodus 3:1
Moses, another key biblical figure, is also a shepherd, showing the continuity of this humble occupation among God's chosen leaders.

Psalm 23:1
The Lord is described as a shepherd, illustrating the spiritual significance and positive connotations of shepherding in the biblical account.