Ecclesiastes 1:9

What has been will be again, and what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun.

Study Bible

What has been
The phrase "What has been" refers to the cyclical nature of human experience and history. In Hebrew, the word used here is "mah," which can denote something that has already occurred or existed. This reflects the ancient understanding of time as a series of repeating cycles, rather than a linear progression. Historically, this perspective is rooted in the agrarian lifestyle of ancient Israel, where seasons and agricultural cycles dictated life. Theologically, it suggests that human nature and the fundamental issues of life remain constant, echoing the conservative Christian belief in the unchanging nature of God and His creation.

will be again
The phrase "will be again" emphasizes the repetitive nature of events and actions. The Hebrew verb "hayah" is used here, which means "to be" or "to become." This suggests a future recurrence of past events, reinforcing the idea that history is bound to repeat itself. From a conservative Christian perspective, this can be seen as a reminder of the fallen state of the world and the persistent need for divine intervention and redemption.

what has been done
This phrase highlights the actions and deeds of humanity. The Hebrew word "asah" is used, meaning "to do" or "to make." It underscores the idea that human actions, whether good or bad, tend to follow established patterns. This can be seen as a call to wisdom, urging believers to learn from past mistakes and successes. In a broader scriptural context, it aligns with the biblical theme of human responsibility and the consequences of one's actions.

will be done again
Here, the phrase "will be done again" reiterates the inevitability of repeating actions. The repetition of "asah" in this context serves to emphasize the predictability of human behavior. This can be interpreted as a caution against complacency, encouraging believers to strive for righteousness and to break free from sinful cycles. It also reflects the conservative Christian view of the need for ongoing spiritual renewal and transformation through Christ.

there is nothing new
The phrase "there is nothing new" speaks to the perceived monotony and futility of life without divine purpose. The Hebrew word "chadash" means "new" or "fresh," and its negation here suggests that all innovations or changes are merely variations of what has already existed. This can be seen as a critique of human pride and the belief in progress apart from God. It serves as a reminder that true novelty and transformation come only through a relationship with the Creator.

under the sun
The phrase "under the sun" is a key motif in Ecclesiastes, symbolizing the earthly, temporal realm. It contrasts with the divine, eternal perspective "above the sun." The Hebrew word "shemesh" means "sun," and its use here underscores the limitations of human understanding and achievement. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this phrase highlights the importance of seeking eternal truths and values, rather than being consumed by worldly pursuits. It calls believers to live with an eternal perspective, recognizing that ultimate fulfillment and meaning are found in God alone.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Solomon
Traditionally considered the author of Ecclesiastes, Solomon was the son of King David and known for his wisdom. He reflects on the cyclical nature of life and human endeavors.

2. Jerusalem
The city where Solomon reigned as king. It serves as the backdrop for his reflections on life, wisdom, and the futility of human efforts without God.

3. The Sun
A recurring symbol in Ecclesiastes representing the natural world and the repetitive cycles of life. It emphasizes the temporal and earthly perspective of human activities.

Teaching Points

The Cyclical Nature of Life
Life's repetitive cycles remind us of our limitations and the need for divine perspective. Recognizing this can lead us to seek God's eternal wisdom rather than relying solely on human understanding.

The Futility of Human Efforts Without God
Without God, human efforts can seem meaningless. True purpose and fulfillment are found in aligning our lives with God's will and eternal plan.

Contentment in God's Sovereignty
Understanding that "there is nothing new under the sun" can lead us to find contentment in God's sovereignty, trusting that He is in control of the cycles of life.

The Importance of Eternal Perspective
Focusing on eternal values rather than temporary achievements helps us live with purpose and hope, knowing that our labor in the Lord is not in vain.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of "nothing new under the sun" challenge our modern pursuit of innovation and progress?

2. In what ways can recognizing the repetitive nature of life lead us to a deeper reliance on God?

3. How do the themes in Ecclesiastes 1:9 relate to the idea of storing up treasures in heaven as taught by Jesus?

4. What practical steps can we take to ensure our daily activities align with God's eternal purposes?

5. How can understanding the futility of life without God influence our approach to work, relationships, and personal goals?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 3
The fall of man introduces the concept of toil and the repetitive nature of human labor, echoing the theme of futility found in Ecclesiastes.

Romans 8
Paul speaks of creation being subjected to frustration, which aligns with the idea of life's repetitive and seemingly futile cycles.

James 4
James discusses the fleeting nature of life, which complements Solomon's reflections on the temporary and repetitive nature of human endeavors.