Deuteronomy 31:19

Now therefore, write down for yourselves this song and teach it to the Israelites; have them recite it, so that it may be a witness for Me against them.

Study Bible

Now therefore
This phrase serves as a transition, indicating a conclusion or a directive based on previous instructions. In the context of Deuteronomy, Moses is preparing the Israelites for his departure and the transition of leadership to Joshua. The Hebrew word often translated as "therefore" is "וְעַתָּה" (ve'atah), which implies an immediate action or response to what has been previously stated. It underscores the urgency and importance of the command that follows.

write down for yourselves
The act of writing is significant in the ancient Near Eastern context, as it was a means of preserving important information and ensuring its transmission to future generations. The Hebrew root "כָּתַב" (katav) means to inscribe or record. This command to write emphasizes the permanence and authority of the message. It is a divine directive to ensure that the words are not forgotten and that they serve as a lasting testament.

this song
The "song" referred to is the Song of Moses, found in Deuteronomy 32. In Hebrew, the word "שִׁיר" (shir) denotes a lyrical composition, often used in worship or as a didactic tool. Songs were a powerful medium for teaching and remembrance in ancient cultures, as they were easier to memorize and recite. This particular song serves as a theological and moral reminder of God's faithfulness and the consequences of Israel's disobedience.

and teach it
The Hebrew root "לָמַד" (lamad) means to instruct or train. Teaching in the biblical sense is not merely the transfer of information but involves shaping character and instilling values. Moses is commanded to ensure that the Israelites understand the song's significance and internalize its message. This reflects the broader biblical theme of the importance of teaching and passing down God's commandments to future generations.

to the Israelites
The term "Israelites" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. In the context of Deuteronomy, it is the covenant community chosen by God. The Israelites are the recipients of the Law and the promises of God. This directive to teach the song to the Israelites highlights their identity as God's people and their responsibility to uphold the covenant.

Have them recite it
Recitation implies memorization and public declaration. The Hebrew root "שָׂם" (sam) can mean to place or set, indicating that the song should be firmly established in their minds and hearts. Reciting the song would serve as a constant reminder of their relationship with God and the consequences of their actions. It is an act of communal reinforcement of their identity and obligations.

so that it may be a witness for Me
The concept of a "witness" in Hebrew, "עֵד" (ed), is a legal term that denotes testimony or evidence. The song is intended to serve as a divine witness, testifying to the truth of God's words and the reality of the covenant. It stands as a perpetual reminder of God's faithfulness and the people's accountability.

against the Israelites
This phrase underscores the song's role as a prophetic warning. It is not only a reminder of God's promises but also a testimony against the Israelites should they fail to uphold their covenant obligations. The song serves as a divine standard by which their faithfulness will be measured. It reflects the biblical theme of accountability and the serious consequences of disobedience.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The leader of the Israelites who is instructed by God to write down a song as a witness.

2. The Israelites
The chosen people of God who are to learn and sing the song as a testimony.

3. God
The divine author of the command, seeking to remind His people of their covenant and His faithfulness.

4. The Song
A divinely inspired composition meant to serve as a witness and reminder of God's covenant with Israel.

5. The Promised Land
The destination of the Israelites, where they are to live out the covenant with God.

Teaching Points

The Power of Remembrance
Songs and other forms of art can be powerful tools for remembering God's works and promises.

The Role of Witness
The song serves as a witness, reminding us that our actions are always before God and that we are accountable to Him.

Teaching the Next Generation
Just as the Israelites were to teach the song to their children, we are called to pass down the truths of Scripture to future generations.

The Importance of Obedience
The song is a reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the blessings of following God's commands.

God's Faithfulness
Despite Israel's future unfaithfulness, the song underscores God's unwavering faithfulness to His covenant.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of a song as a witness challenge or enhance your understanding of how God communicates with His people?

2. In what ways can you incorporate songs or other creative expressions into your personal or family worship to remember God's faithfulness?

3. How does the idea of teaching and passing down God's truths to the next generation manifest in your life or community?

4. Reflect on a time when you experienced the consequences of disobedience. How did that experience shape your understanding of God's commands?

5. How can you actively remind yourself of God's faithfulness in your daily life, especially during challenging times?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 15
The Song of Moses after the crossing of the Red Sea, another instance where a song serves as a testimony to God's deliverance.

Psalm 78
A psalm that recounts Israel's history and God's faithfulness, similar in purpose to the song in Deuteronomy.

Revelation 15:3
The Song of Moses is mentioned in the context of the end times, showing its enduring significance.

Joshua 24:27
Joshua sets up a stone as a witness, paralleling the song as a witness against the people.

2 Timothy 3:16-17
The importance of Scripture as a tool for teaching and correction, akin to the purpose of the song.