Zürich Disputation on Baptism (January 17, 1525)

In reforming Zürich, the City Council convened a public disputation to settle the question of baptism. Ulrich Zwingli, chief preacher at the Grossmünster, was called to defend infant baptism as a sign of God’s covenant mercy toward believing households. The hearing revealed how quickly reform can be tested when Scripture, tradition, and civil order collide. For many, the issue was not merely a rite, but whether the church would be governed by God’s Word even when obedience became costly.

Grebel, Manz, and the New Testament Appeal

Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, and like-minded believers urged that baptism in the New Testament follows repentance and faith, and should be received with understanding. They pointed to the call of the gospel and the pattern of discipleship: “Peter replied, ‘Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins…’” (Acts 2:38). Their plea was pastoral as well as theological: baptism should not be treated as a civic marker, but as a testimony of a changed heart and a pledge to walk in newness of life.

Council Ruling and the Burden of Conscience

The council upheld infant baptism and soon ordered parents to present infants for baptism, forbidding “rebaptism.” This decision tightened the bond between church practice and city law, making dissent a matter of public disobedience. Yet the controversy also refined Christian character. Some submitted quietly; others believed they must obey God rather than men, bearing the strain of misunderstanding, pressure, and looming punishment. The moment underscored that courage is not loudness, but steadfast fidelity when outcomes are uncertain.

Grebel Baptizes Blaurock (January 21, 1525)

Four days later, in a private home, Grebel baptized George Blaurock, and the small fellowship began baptizing one another. This simple act, hidden from official eyes, became a watershed: an earnest attempt to order the church according to Christ’s command, “Therefore go and make disciples… baptizing them…” (Matthew 28:19). Their step was not taken lightly, but with prayer, fear of God, and longing for a faithful witness—an early reminder that genuine renewal is measured by Scripture, humility, and persevering faith.