Romans 9:30

What then will we say? That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith;

Study Bible

What then shall we say?
This phrase serves as a rhetorical question, a common device used by the Apostle Paul to engage his readers and provoke thought. In the Greek, "Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν;" (Ti oun eroumen?) suggests a transition or conclusion based on the preceding arguments. Paul is summarizing his discourse on God's sovereignty and the inclusion of the Gentiles in the plan of salvation. Historically, this question would have resonated with both Jewish and Gentile audiences, challenging them to reconsider their understanding of righteousness and God's promises.

That the Gentiles
The term "Gentiles" (Greek: ἔθνη, ethne) refers to the non-Jewish nations. In the context of the early church, this was a radical inclusion, as the Jewish people traditionally saw themselves as God's chosen people. Theologically, this highlights the universality of the Gospel message, breaking down ethnic and cultural barriers. Archaeological findings, such as inscriptions and artifacts from early Christian communities, show the diverse makeup of the early church, supporting Paul's assertion of Gentile inclusion.

who did not pursue righteousness
The phrase "who did not pursue righteousness" indicates that the Gentiles were not actively seeking a right standing with God through the Law, as the Jews were. The Greek word for "pursue" (διώκω, dioko) implies an active, earnest effort. Historically, the Gentiles were often seen as outside the covenantal promises given to Israel, yet Paul emphasizes that their lack of pursuit did not prevent them from receiving righteousness. This challenges the notion that human effort or adherence to the Law is the basis for righteousness.

have obtained it
The word "obtained" (κατέλαβεν, katelaben) in Greek suggests a successful attainment or grasping of something. This implies that the Gentiles, despite not actively seeking righteousness, have nonetheless received it. This is a profound statement about the nature of God's grace, which is not earned but given. Scripturally, this aligns with the theme of grace found throughout the New Testament, where God's favor is extended to all who believe, regardless of their background or previous efforts.

a righteousness that is by faith
The phrase "a righteousness that is by faith" encapsulates the core message of the Gospel. The Greek word for "righteousness" (δικαιοσύνη, dikaiosyne) refers to a state of being right with God. This righteousness is not based on works or adherence to the Law but is received through faith (πίστις, pistis). This concept is central to Pauline theology and is echoed in other epistles, such as Galatians and Ephesians. Historically, this was a revolutionary idea, as it shifted the focus from the Law to faith in Christ as the means of salvation. This righteousness by faith underscores the transformative power of the Gospel, offering hope and inclusion to all who believe.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Gentiles
Non-Jewish people who, according to Paul, have obtained righteousness through faith, despite not having pursued it through the law.

2. Paul the Apostle
The author of the Book of Romans, addressing the church in Rome and explaining the concept of righteousness by faith.

3. Righteousness
A key theme in Romans, referring to being in right standing with God, which Paul argues is obtained through faith rather than works of the law.

Teaching Points

Righteousness by Faith
Emphasize that righteousness is not achieved through human effort or adherence to the law but is a gift received through faith in Jesus Christ.

Inclusivity of the Gospel
Highlight the inclusivity of the Gospel message, which extends beyond the Jewish people to include Gentiles, demonstrating God's plan for all nations.

Faith Over Works
Encourage believers to rely on faith rather than works for their standing before God, fostering a relationship based on trust and grace.

Humility in Salvation
Remind believers that salvation is not something earned, which should lead to humility and gratitude rather than pride or self-righteousness.

Living Out Faith
Challenge believers to live out their faith in practical ways, reflecting the righteousness they have received through Christ in their daily lives.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the concept of righteousness by faith challenge or affirm your current understanding of salvation?

2. In what ways can the inclusivity of the Gospel message impact your approach to sharing your faith with others?

3. How can you guard against the temptation to rely on works rather than faith in your relationship with God?

4. What are some practical ways you can demonstrate the righteousness you have received through faith in your daily interactions?

5. How do the themes in Romans 9:30 connect with the broader account of God's plan for salvation throughout the Bible?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Romans 3:21-22
Paul discusses the righteousness of God that comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe, emphasizing that it is apart from the law.

Galatians 3:8
Paul references the Scripture foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, connecting the promise to Abraham with the inclusion of the Gentiles.

Ephesians 2:8-9
Paul reiterates that salvation is by grace through faith, not by works, so that no one can boast, aligning with the theme of righteousness by faith.