Romans 10:5

For concerning the righteousness that is by the law, Moses writes: "The man who does these things will live by them."

Study Bible

For concerning the righteousness that is by the law
This phrase introduces the concept of righteousness as understood in the Mosaic Law. The Greek word for "righteousness" is "dikaiosynē," which refers to a state of being right or just. In the context of the law, it implies a legalistic adherence to the commandments given to Israel. Historically, the Jewish people believed that following the law was the path to righteousness. This righteousness is contrasted with the righteousness that comes by faith, which Paul elaborates on in the surrounding verses.

Moses writes
Moses, the revered prophet and lawgiver, is the author of the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible. The phrase "Moses writes" refers to the authority and foundational role of the Mosaic Law in Jewish tradition. It underscores the continuity of God's revelation from the Old Testament to the New Testament. Moses' writings are seen as divinely inspired and authoritative, forming the basis of the covenant between God and Israel.

The man who does these things
This phrase is a direct reference to Leviticus 18:5, where the law promises life to those who obey its statutes. The Greek word for "does" is "poiēsas," indicating an active, ongoing practice of the law. In the historical context, this was understood as a call to live a life in strict adherence to the commandments. However, Paul uses this to highlight the impossibility of achieving righteousness through human effort alone, setting the stage for the necessity of faith in Christ.

will live by them
The promise of life "by them" refers to the blessings and life that come from obedience to the law. The Greek word "zēsetai" (will live) implies not just physical life but a fullness of life, including spiritual well-being. In the Old Testament context, this was understood as a promise of God's favor and blessing. However, Paul points out that true life, eternal life, is found not through the law but through faith in Jesus Christ. This phrase serves as a bridge to the New Testament understanding of life through faith, emphasizing the transformative power of the Gospel.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
A central figure in the Old Testament, Moses is the lawgiver who received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai. He represents the Old Covenant and the law given to Israel.

2. The Law
Refers to the Mosaic Law, which includes the commandments and regulations given to the Israelites. It is a key component of the Old Testament and is central to Jewish religious life.

3. Paul the Apostle
The author of the Book of Romans, Paul is writing to the Christian community in Rome, explaining the relationship between the law and faith in Christ.

4. Israel
The nation to whom the law was given. In the context of Romans, Israel represents those who are trying to attain righteousness through the law.

5. Rome
The city where the recipients of the letter reside. It was a major center of the ancient world and the heart of the Roman Empire.

Teaching Points

Righteousness by the Law vs. Righteousness by Faith
The law requires perfect obedience for righteousness, which is impossible for fallen humanity. This highlights the need for a Savior and the righteousness that comes through faith in Christ.

The Role of the Law
The law serves to reveal sin and our inability to achieve righteousness on our own, pointing us to the necessity of faith in Jesus.

Living by Faith
True life and righteousness come not from our works but from faith in Christ. This is a call to trust in Jesus for our salvation rather than relying on our own efforts.

Understanding the Old Testament Context
Recognizing the original context of the law helps us appreciate the fulfillment of the law in Christ and the new covenant of grace.

The Importance of Scripture in Understanding Salvation
Studying both the Old and New Testaments provides a fuller understanding of God's plan for salvation and the continuity of His promises.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Romans 10:5 help us understand the limitations of the law in achieving righteousness?

2. In what ways does the law point us to our need for Christ, according to Paul's writings in Romans and Galatians?

3. How can understanding the original context of the Mosaic Law deepen our appreciation for the grace offered through Jesus?

4. What are some practical ways we can live by faith rather than trying to earn righteousness through our own efforts?

5. How does the message of Romans 10:5 challenge or affirm your current understanding of salvation and righteousness?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 18:5
This verse is directly quoted in Romans 10:5. It emphasizes that life is promised to those who keep the law, highlighting the challenge of achieving righteousness through the law alone.

Galatians 3:12
Paul also references Leviticus 18:5 in Galatians, contrasting the law with faith, showing that the law is not based on faith but on doing.

Deuteronomy 30:11-14
This passage discusses the accessibility of the law, which Paul later contrasts with the accessibility of faith in Christ.