Numbers 31:8

Among the slain were Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba--the five kings of Midian. They also killed Balaam son of Beor with the sword.

Study Bible

Among the slain
This phrase indicates the outcome of a battle, emphasizing the completeness of the victory. In Hebrew, the word for "slain" is "הַחֲלָלִים" (hachalalim), which refers to those who have been killed in battle. This highlights the severity of the conflict and the decisive nature of God's judgment against the Midianites, as commanded in earlier passages.

Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba
These names represent the five kings of Midian. Each name carries its own historical and cultural significance. The Midianites were descendants of Abraham through Keturah, and their kings were leaders of a people who had led Israel into sin (Numbers 25). The mention of these specific names underscores the thoroughness of the divine retribution against those who opposed God's people.

the five kings of Midian
The number five here is significant, as it represents completeness in biblical numerology. The Midianites were a confederation of tribes, and the defeat of all their kings symbolizes the total dismantling of their power. Historically, this reflects the common practice of listing defeated kings to demonstrate the extent of a military victory.

They also killed Balaam son of Beor
Balaam, a prophet who had previously blessed Israel (Numbers 23-24), is now mentioned among the slain. His death signifies the end of his influence and the consequences of his actions against Israel. Despite his earlier blessings, Balaam's counsel led to Israel's sin with the Moabite women (Numbers 31:16), and his death serves as a sobering reminder of the wages of sin.

with the sword
The sword is a symbol of divine judgment and warfare. In Hebrew, "בַּחֶרֶב" (bacherav) indicates the instrument of execution. This phrase emphasizes the fulfillment of God's command to Moses to take vengeance on the Midianites (Numbers 31:2). The sword represents the means by which God's justice is enacted, serving as a reminder of the seriousness of opposing God's will.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba
These were the five kings of Midian who were slain by the Israelites. The Midianites were a nomadic tribe that often came into conflict with Israel.

2. Balaam son of Beor
A non-Israelite prophet who was initially hired by Balak, the king of Moab, to curse Israel. Despite his intentions, God used Balaam to bless Israel instead. Balaam's death signifies the judgment on those who oppose God's people.

3. Midian
A region and people often in conflict with Israel. The Midianites were descendants of Abraham through Keturah, and their interactions with Israel were marked by both kinship and hostility.

4. Israelite Campaign
This event is part of a larger military campaign commanded by God to execute judgment on the Midianites for their role in leading Israel into sin at Peor.

5. Peor Incident
A previous event where the Israelites were led into idolatry and immorality with the Moabite and Midianite women, resulting in God's judgment upon Israel.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty in Judgment
God's command to execute judgment on the Midianites demonstrates His sovereignty and justice. Believers are reminded that God will ultimately judge sin and protect His people.

The Consequences of Sin
The death of Balaam and the Midianite kings serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of leading others into sin. Christians are called to live righteously and avoid causing others to stumble.

The Importance of Obedience
The Israelites' obedience in carrying out God's command against Midian highlights the importance of following God's instructions fully. Believers are encouraged to trust and obey God's Word, even when it is difficult.

Spiritual Warfare
The account underscores the reality of spiritual warfare, where God's people must remain vigilant against spiritual and moral compromise. Christians are urged to put on the full armor of God to stand firm against the enemy.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the account of Balaam and the Midianite kings illustrate the consequences of opposing God's will? Reflect on a time when you experienced the consequences of disobedience.

2. In what ways can the account of the Midianite kings and Balaam serve as a warning against leading others into sin? How can you apply this lesson in your community or church?

3. How does the concept of God's sovereignty in judgment challenge or comfort you in your current circumstances?

4. What parallels can you draw between the spiritual warfare faced by the Israelites and the challenges faced by Christians today? How can Ephesians 6:10-18 help you in your spiritual battles?

5. Reflect on a situation where obedience to God was difficult. How did you respond, and what was the outcome? How can the account in Numbers 31:8 encourage you to trust and obey God more fully?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 25:1-4
Provides background on the Midianites as descendants of Abraham, establishing their historical and familial connection to Israel.

Numbers 22-24
Details Balaam's interactions with Balak and his prophecies concerning Israel, highlighting the spiritual battle and God's sovereignty over curses and blessings.

Revelation 2:14
References Balaam's teaching as a warning to the church, illustrating the enduring relevance of Balaam's account as a caution against leading others into sin.