Judges 20:19

The next morning the Israelites set out and camped near Gibeah.

Study Bible

The next morning
This phrase indicates a new beginning, a fresh start after a night of deliberation and preparation. In the Hebrew context, mornings often symbolize hope, renewal, and divine mercy, as seen in Lamentations 3:22-23, where God's mercies are described as new every morning. The Israelites, having sought the Lord's guidance the previous day, are now ready to act on His direction. This reflects the importance of seeking divine guidance before embarking on any significant endeavor.

the Israelites
This term refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel, and highlights their identity as God's chosen people. The Israelites were a covenant community, bound by their relationship with Yahweh. In the context of Judges, they are often depicted as struggling to remain faithful to God amidst the challenges of the Promised Land. Their actions in this chapter are part of a larger narrative of seeking justice and maintaining the holiness of the community.

set out
The Hebrew root for this phrase often implies a deliberate and purposeful action. It suggests that the Israelites were not acting impulsively but were following a considered plan. This action is a response to the grievous sin committed in Gibeah, and it underscores the seriousness with which they approached the situation. It is a reminder of the importance of taking decisive action in the face of injustice.

and camped
Camping in the ancient Near Eastern context was not merely a temporary lodging but often a strategic move in preparation for battle. The Israelites' decision to camp near Gibeah indicates their readiness to confront the Benjamites. It also reflects a communal aspect, as the tribes of Israel came together in unity for a common cause. This unity is crucial in the biblical narrative, as it often precedes divine intervention and victory.

near Gibeah
Gibeah was a city in the territory of Benjamin, and its mention here is significant due to the events that transpired there, which led to the civil conflict. Archaeologically, Gibeah has been identified with Tell el-Ful, and its strategic location is noted in historical records. The proximity of the Israelite camp to Gibeah signifies their intent to address the atrocity committed there, emphasizing the biblical theme of justice and the need to purge evil from among God's people.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Israelites
The collective tribes of Israel, excluding Benjamin, who are preparing for battle against the tribe of Benjamin due to the grievous sin committed in Gibeah.

2. Gibeah
A city in the territory of Benjamin where a horrific crime was committed against a Levite's concubine, leading to a civil war within Israel.

3. The Levite's Concubine
Her abuse and death at the hands of the men of Gibeah sparked outrage and led to the assembly of the Israelite tribes against Benjamin.

4. The Tribe of Benjamin
One of the twelve tribes of Israel, which defended the men of Gibeah, leading to conflict with the other tribes.

5. The Assembly at Mizpah
Prior to the events of Judges 20:19, the Israelites gathered at Mizpah to decide on a course of action against Benjamin.

Teaching Points

The Seriousness of Sin
The Israelites' response to the sin in Gibeah underscores the importance of addressing sin within the community. Sin has communal consequences and must be dealt with decisively.

Unity and Division
The tribes of Israel unite against Benjamin, showing the potential for both unity and division within God's people. Unity should be based on righteousness and justice.

Seeking God's Guidance
Before taking action, the Israelites sought God's counsel. This teaches the importance of seeking divine guidance in our decisions, especially in matters of justice.

The Cost of Justice
The conflict with Benjamin reminds us that pursuing justice can be costly and painful, but it is necessary to maintain holiness and righteousness.

The Role of Leadership
The leaders of Israel played a crucial role in addressing the sin in Gibeah. This highlights the responsibility of leaders to guide their communities in righteousness.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does the Israelites' response to the sin in Gibeah teach us about the importance of addressing sin within our own communities?

2. How can we balance the need for justice with the call to leave vengeance to God, as seen in Romans 12:19?

3. In what ways can we seek God's guidance in our decision-making processes, especially when dealing with difficult situations?

4. How does the unity of the Israelite tribes against Benjamin challenge us to consider the basis of our own unity within the church?

5. What lessons can we learn from the leadership of the Israelite tribes in this passage, and how can we apply these lessons to our roles in our communities today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 13
This passage discusses the need for Israel to purge evil from among them, which connects to the Israelites' decision to confront the sin in Gibeah.

Joshua 7
The account of Achan's sin and its consequences for Israel highlights the communal responsibility to address sin within the community.

Romans 12:19
This New Testament verse speaks to the principle of leaving vengeance to God, contrasting with the Israelites' decision to take justice into their own hands.