Judges 19:16

That evening an old man from the hill country of Ephraim, who was residing in Gibeah (the men of that place were Benjamites), came in from his work in the field.

Study Bible

Just then
This phrase indicates a moment of divine timing and intervention. In the narrative, it suggests that the arrival of the old man was not coincidental but orchestrated by God. The Hebrew word for "then" often implies a sequence of events that are significant in the unfolding of God's plan. This moment sets the stage for the events that follow, highlighting God's sovereignty even in dire circumstances.

an old man
The mention of the old man emphasizes wisdom and experience, often associated with age in biblical texts. In ancient Israelite culture, elders were respected and often held positions of authority and guidance. This old man, though not a native of Gibeah, becomes a pivotal character, suggesting that God can use anyone, regardless of their status or origin, to fulfill His purposes.

came in from his work in the field
This phrase paints a picture of a hardworking individual, reflecting the agrarian lifestyle of ancient Israel. Fields were central to the economy and sustenance of the people. The old man's return from the field at evening signifies the end of a day's labor, a common rhythm in biblical times, and sets a backdrop of normalcy against which the ensuing events will starkly contrast.

that evening
Evening in biblical times was a period of transition from the day's labor to rest. It was also a time of vulnerability, as darkness approached. The timing of the old man's arrival at evening foreshadows the impending danger and moral darkness that will unfold in Gibeah, contrasting the physical darkness with the spiritual and moral decay of the city.

who was also from the hill country of Ephraim
The hill country of Ephraim was a significant region in Israel, known for its rugged terrain and strategic location. Ephraim was one of the prominent tribes of Israel, often associated with leadership and strength. The old man's origin from Ephraim may imply a sense of righteousness or moral integrity, contrasting with the behavior of the Benjamites in Gibeah.

and was residing in Gibeah
The old man's residence in Gibeah, despite being from Ephraim, suggests a sense of displacement or sojourning. This reflects the broader theme of the Israelites' struggle to fully possess and settle the Promised Land. His presence in Gibeah, a city soon to be revealed as morally corrupt, highlights the tension between the ideals of Israelite society and the reality of its moral failures.

but the men of the place were Benjamites
This phrase sets up a contrast between the old man and the inhabitants of Gibeah. The Benjamites, one of the tribes of Israel, are depicted in this narrative as having strayed from the covenantal ideals. Historically, the tribe of Benjamin was small but fierce, often involved in conflicts. This detail foreshadows the tribal conflict that will arise from the events in Gibeah, illustrating the consequences of Israel's moral and spiritual decline.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Old Man from Ephraim
An elderly man who was originally from the hill country of Ephraim but was residing in Gibeah. His presence introduces a contrast between hospitality and the inhospitable nature of the Benjamites.

2. Hill Country of Ephraim
A region in Israel known for its rugged terrain and significant biblical history. It was the home of several notable figures, including Joshua and Samuel.

3. Gibeah
A town in the territory of Benjamin. It becomes the setting for the tragic events that follow, highlighting the moral decay within Israel.

4. Benjamites
The tribe of Benjamin, known for their warrior skills. In this context, they are depicted as morally corrupt, setting the stage for the conflict that ensues.

5. Evening Arrival
The timing of the old man's arrival underscores the urgency and vulnerability of the situation, as evening was a time when travelers sought shelter.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Hospitality
The old man's willingness to offer shelter contrasts with the inhospitable nature of the Benjamites. Christians are called to practice hospitality, reflecting God's love and care.

Moral Decay and Its Consequences
The events in Gibeah serve as a warning of the dangers of moral decay within a community. Believers must uphold righteousness and justice.

The Role of the Stranger
The old man, a stranger in Gibeah, becomes a vessel of God's provision. God often uses unexpected people to fulfill His purposes.

Community Responsibility
The actions of the Benjamites reflect on the entire community. Christians are called to hold each other accountable and promote godly living.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the old man's hospitality in Judges 19:16 challenge us to reflect on our own attitudes towards strangers and guests?

2. In what ways does the moral decay in Gibeah serve as a warning for contemporary society, and how can we guard against similar issues in our communities?

3. How does the account of the old man from Ephraim connect with the broader biblical theme of God using unlikely individuals to accomplish His purposes?

4. What lessons can we learn from the contrast between the old man's actions and the behavior of the Benjamites regarding community responsibility and accountability?

5. How can we apply the principles of hospitality and righteousness found in Judges 19:16 to our daily lives, and what other scriptures support these principles?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 19
The account of Lot in Sodom parallels the events in Gibeah, highlighting themes of hospitality and moral corruption.

Judges 20
The subsequent chapters detail the consequences of the events in Gibeah, leading to civil war within Israel, emphasizing the need for justice and righteousness.

Hebrews 13:2
This verse encourages believers to show hospitality, reminding us that some have entertained angels without knowing it, contrasting the lack of hospitality in Gibeah.