Judges 19:12

But his master replied, "We will not turn aside to the city of foreigners, where there are no Israelites. We will go on to Gibeah."

Study Bible

But his master replied
In this phrase, "his master" refers to the Levite, who is the central figure in this narrative. The term "master" indicates a position of authority and responsibility. In the Hebrew context, the word used here is "adon," which signifies lordship or ownership. This reflects the societal structure of ancient Israel, where the head of a household held significant authority over his servants and family. The Levite's role as "master" underscores his responsibility for the welfare of those traveling with him, including his concubine and servant.

We will not stop
The decision "not to stop" highlights the urgency and determination of the Levite. The Hebrew root for "stop" is "lun," which can mean to lodge or to spend the night. This decision is pivotal, as it sets the stage for the events that follow. The Levite's choice reflects a desire to avoid potential danger or discomfort, which was a common concern for travelers in ancient times due to the lack of hospitality or safety in certain areas.

at a foreign city
The phrase "foreign city" refers to a city not belonging to the Israelites. In the Hebrew text, the word "foreign" is "nekar," which denotes something alien or unfamiliar. This reflects the Israelites' view of their covenant identity and the importance of staying within the community of God's people. The Levite's reluctance to stay in a non-Israelite city underscores the cultural and religious boundaries that were significant in maintaining the purity and distinctiveness of the Israelite community.

whose people are not Israelites
This phrase emphasizes the distinction between the Israelites and other nations. The term "Israelites" is derived from "Yisra'el," meaning "God prevails." This identity was central to the Israelites' understanding of themselves as God's chosen people. The Levite's concern about staying in a city "whose people are not Israelites" reflects the broader biblical theme of separation from pagan influences and the importance of community among God's covenant people. This separation was not merely ethnic but was deeply rooted in religious and cultural identity, as the Israelites were called to be a holy nation set apart for God's purposes.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Levite
A central figure in this account, the Levite is traveling with his concubine and servant. His decision-making and actions are pivotal to the unfolding events.

2. The Concubine
The Levite's concubine, whose tragic fate becomes a catalyst for the subsequent events in Israel.

3. The Servant
Accompanies the Levite and the concubine on their journey, offering practical suggestions during their travels.

4. Jebus (Jerusalem)
At this time, a city not yet fully under Israelite control, inhabited by the Jebusites, considered foreigners by the Levite.

5. Gibeah
A city of the tribe of Benjamin, chosen by the Levite as a place to stay, believing it to be safer due to its Israelite inhabitants.

Teaching Points

Discernment in Decision-Making
The Levite's choice to avoid a foreign city reflects a desire for safety among his own people. This highlights the importance of seeking godly wisdom and discernment in our decisions.

Community and Belonging
The Levite's preference for an Israelite city underscores the value of community and shared faith. Believers are encouraged to seek fellowship and accountability within the body of Christ.

The Illusion of Safety
Despite the Levite's intentions, Gibeah proves to be unsafe. This serves as a reminder that true security is found in God, not merely in human associations or assumptions.

Hospitality and Responsibility
The account challenges us to consider our own hospitality and how we treat others, especially those within the household of faith.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does the Levite's decision to avoid Jebus reveal about his priorities and concerns? How can we apply this discernment in our own lives?

2. How does the account of Gibeah in Judges 19 parallel the events in Sodom and Gomorrah? What lessons can we learn about the consequences of moral decay?

3. In what ways does the Levite's reliance on his own people for safety reflect our need for community? How can we strengthen our connections within the church?

4. How does the outcome in Gibeah challenge our assumptions about where we find safety and security? What scriptures remind us of God's protection?

5. Reflect on the role of hospitality in this account. How can we practice biblical hospitality in our daily lives, and what scriptures guide us in this endeavor?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 19
The account of Sodom and Gomorrah shares thematic elements with Judges 19, particularly regarding hospitality and moral decay.

Deuteronomy 23:3-6
Provides context on the Israelites' view of foreign cities and peoples, influencing the Levite's decision to avoid Jebus.

Joshua 15:63
Mentions the Jebusites' continued presence in Jerusalem, highlighting the incomplete conquest of the land.