Joshua 20:3

so that anyone who kills another unintentionally or accidentally may flee there. These will be your refuge from the avenger of blood.

Study Bible

so that anyone
The phrase "so that anyone" indicates the inclusivity and accessibility of God's provision. In Hebrew, the word used here is "kol," meaning "all" or "anyone." This reflects God's justice and mercy, ensuring that His laws apply to everyone equally, regardless of status or background. It underscores the biblical principle that God is no respecter of persons (Acts 10:34), and His grace is available to all who seek it.

who kills a person
The Hebrew word for "kills" is "nakah," which can mean to strike, smite, or kill. This word is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, often referring to acts of violence or judgment. Here, it specifically addresses the act of taking a life, emphasizing the gravity of such an action, even when unintentional. The sanctity of life is a core biblical principle, and this provision underscores the seriousness with which God views the taking of life.

unintentionally or accidentally
The terms "unintentionally" and "accidentally" are translated from the Hebrew words "shegagah" and "bi-vli da'at," respectively. "Shegagah" refers to an error or mistake, while "bi-vli da'at" means without knowledge or awareness. This distinction is crucial, as it differentiates between premeditated murder and accidental manslaughter. The law provided a means of mercy for those who did not intend harm, reflecting God's understanding and compassion for human fallibility.

may flee there
The concept of fleeing to a place of refuge is central to this verse. The Hebrew word "nus" means to flee or escape. This provision allowed the accused to seek asylum in a city of refuge, highlighting God's provision for safety and justice. It symbolizes the spiritual refuge found in God, where believers can find protection and peace amidst life's trials and accusations.

and find protection
The phrase "find protection" is derived from the Hebrew "chayah," meaning to live or have life. This protection is not just physical safety but also a preservation of life and dignity. It reflects God's desire to protect the innocent and provide a means of redemption and restoration. Spiritually, it points to the ultimate protection found in Christ, our refuge and strength (Psalm 46:1).

from the avenger of blood
The "avenger of blood" is translated from the Hebrew "go'el ha-dam." The "go'el" was a family member responsible for avenging the death of a relative, a practice rooted in ancient Near Eastern customs. This role was both a duty and a right, emphasizing the importance of justice and familial responsibility. However, the provision of cities of refuge tempered this practice with mercy, ensuring that justice did not become vengeance. It foreshadows the New Testament teaching of leaving vengeance to God (Romans 12:19) and highlights the balance between justice and mercy in God's law.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Cities of Refuge
Designated places where individuals who committed manslaughter could seek asylum to avoid retribution from the "avenger of blood" until a fair trial could be conducted.

2. Avenger of Blood
A family member of the deceased who had the cultural duty to avenge the death, often by killing the person responsible for the death.

3. Unintentional Manslayer
An individual who killed another person accidentally or without premeditation, who could seek refuge in these cities.

4. Joshua
The leader of Israel at the time, responsible for implementing God's instructions regarding the cities of refuge.

5. Israelites
The people of God who were given these laws to ensure justice and mercy within their community.

Teaching Points

God's Justice and Mercy
The cities of refuge illustrate God's perfect balance of justice and mercy. While justice demands accountability, mercy provides protection and a chance for a fair trial.

The Sanctity of Life
The provision for cities of refuge underscores the value God places on human life, ensuring that even accidental death is taken seriously and addressed appropriately.

Christ as Our Refuge
Just as the cities of refuge provided safety for the manslayer, Christ offers refuge for sinners. Believers can find safety and forgiveness in Him.

Community Responsibility
The establishment of these cities highlights the community's role in upholding justice and protecting the innocent, a principle that applies to the church today.

Intentionality in Actions
The distinction between intentional and unintentional actions calls believers to be mindful of their actions and the impact they have on others.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the cities of refuge reflect God's character in terms of justice and mercy, and how can we apply these attributes in our daily lives?

2. In what ways does the concept of the "avenger of blood" challenge or affirm our understanding of justice and forgiveness?

3. How can the church today serve as a "city of refuge" for those seeking forgiveness and restoration?

4. What parallels can we draw between the cities of refuge and the refuge we find in Christ, and how does this impact our faith journey?

5. How can we ensure that our actions are intentional and considerate of others, reflecting the principles found in Joshua 20:3?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 35:9-34
Provides detailed instructions about the cities of refuge, emphasizing the balance between justice and mercy.

Deuteronomy 19:1-13
Reiterates the establishment of cities of refuge and the importance of distinguishing between intentional and unintentional killing.

Hebrews 6:18
Draws a parallel between the cities of refuge and the hope we have in Christ, who provides refuge for sinners.