Joshua 18:23
Avvim, Parah, Ophrah,
Avvim
The name "Avvim" refers to a location within the territory allotted to the tribe of Benjamin. The Hebrew root of "Avvim" is "עַוִּים" (Avvim), which can be associated with ruins or desolation. Historically, the Avvim were a people mentioned earlier in the Bible, specifically in Deuteronomy 2:23, as inhabitants of villages in the region of Gaza before being displaced by the Caphtorim. This connection to ancient peoples and their displacement highlights the ongoing theme of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises to Israel. The mention of Avvim in Joshua 18:23 serves as a reminder of the continuity of God's plan and the historical depth of the land's occupation.

Parah
The name "Parah" is derived from the Hebrew "פָּרָה" (Parah), which means "heifer" or "cow." This name may indicate a place known for agriculture or cattle rearing, reflecting the pastoral lifestyle of the Israelites. The inclusion of Parah in the list of cities within Benjamin's territory underscores the diversity of the land and its suitability for sustaining the tribes of Israel. It also serves as a metaphor for fruitfulness and provision, reminding the reader of God's promise to provide for His people in the land He has given them.

Ophrah
"Ophrah" comes from the Hebrew "עָפְרָה" (Ophrah), meaning "fawn" or "dust." This name is shared with other locations in the Bible, including the hometown of Gideon in the Book of Judges. The mention of Ophrah in Joshua 18:23 situates it within the context of Benjamin's inheritance, emphasizing the importance of each tribe's unique role in the unfolding narrative of Israel's history. The name itself evokes imagery of innocence and humility, qualities that are valued in the biblical tradition. It serves as a reminder of the humble beginnings from which God often brings about His greatest works, encouraging believers to trust in His plans and purposes.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Avvim
A town within the territory allotted to the tribe of Benjamin. The name may be related to the Avvites, a people mentioned elsewhere in the Old Testament.

2. Parah
Another town in the land given to Benjamin. Its exact location is uncertain, but it is part of the inheritance that was distributed among the tribes of Israel.

3. Ophrah
A town also within Benjamin's territory. It is distinct from the Ophrah associated with Gideon in the book of Judges.
Teaching Points
God's Faithfulness in Fulfillment of Promises
The allocation of land to the tribes of Israel, including Benjamin, demonstrates God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Abraham and his descendants.

The Importance of Inheritance
The detailed listing of towns and territories underscores the importance of inheritance and the tangible blessings God provides to His people.

Community and Belonging
The specific mention of towns within Benjamin's territory highlights the sense of community and belonging that comes with being part of God's people.

Historical and Spiritual Significance
Understanding the historical context of these locations enriches our appreciation of the spiritual journey of the Israelites and God's overarching plan.

Stewardship of God's Gifts
The division of the land serves as a reminder of the responsibility to steward well the gifts and resources God entrusts to us.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the allocation of land to the tribe of Benjamin reflect God's faithfulness to His promises?

2. In what ways can understanding the historical context of biblical locations enhance our spiritual journey today?

3. How does the concept of inheritance in Joshua 18 relate to our spiritual inheritance as believers in Christ?

4. What lessons can we learn about community and belonging from the detailed listing of towns in the tribal allotments?

5. How can we apply the principle of stewardship, as seen in the division of the land, to our own lives and resources today?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Joshua 18:11-28
This passage provides the broader context of the division of the land among the tribes of Israel, specifically focusing on the allotment for the tribe of Benjamin. It highlights the fulfillment of God's promise to give the Israelites the land of Canaan.

Genesis 15:18-21
This passage records God's covenant with Abraham, promising the land to his descendants. The division of the land in Joshua is a direct fulfillment of this promise.

Judges 6:11
Although referring to a different Ophrah, this passage connects to the theme of God raising leaders from specific locations to fulfill His purposes.
Joshua's RemonstranceR. P. Buddicom, M. A.Joshua 18:1-28
Religion in the New LandW. G. Blaikie, D. D.Joshua 18:1-28
Slack to PossessW. Seaton.Joshua 18:1-28
People
Addar, Ben, Benjamin, Bohan, Ephron, Gad, Gibeon, Hoglah, Israelites, Joseph, Joshua, Levites, Manasseh, Ophrah, Rekem, Reuben
Places
Adummim, Arabah, Ataroth-addar, Avvim, Beeroth, Beth-arabah, Beth-aven, Bethel, Beth-hoglah, Beth-horon, Emek-keziz, En-rogel, En-shemesh, Ephron, Geba, Geliloth, Gibeah, Gibeon, Haeleph, Irpeel, Jebus, Jericho, Jerusalem, Jordan River, Kiriath-baal, Kiriath-jearim, Luz, Mizpeh, Mozah, Nephtoah, Ophni, Ophrah, Parah, Ramah, Rekem, Salt Sea, Shiloh, Taralah, Valley of Hinnom, Valley of Rephaim, Zela, Zemaraim
Topics
Avim, Avvim, Ophrah, Parah, Pharah
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Joshua 18:11-28

     5235   boundary

Library
The Northern Coast of Judea. Beth-Horon.
This coast is marked out Joshua 18:12; where, at verse 14, are very many versions to be corrected, which render the sea; such are, the Syriac, the Seventy, the Vulgar, the Italian, ours, &c.: whence ariseth a sense of insuperable difficulty to a chorographical eye: when it should, indeed, be rendered of the west, as the Chaldee, Arabic, R. Solomon, &c. rightly do. We read of a double Beth-horon in the Old Testament, but one only under the second Temple... At that place that great Canaanitish army
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Ramah. Ramathaim Zophim. Gibeah.
There was a certain Ramah, in the tribe of Benjamin, Joshua 18:25, and that within sight of Jerusalem, as it seems, Judges 19:13; where it is named with Gibeah:--and elsewhere, Hosea 5:8; which towns were not much distant. See 1 Samuel 22:6; "Saul sat in Gibeah, under a grove in Ramah." Here the Gemarists trifle: "Whence is it (say they) that Ramah is placed near Gibea? To hint to you, that the speech of Samuel of Ramah was the cause, why Saul remained two years and a half in Gibeah." They blindly
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Beth-El. Beth-Aven.
Josephus thus describes the land of Benjamin; "The Benjamites' portion of land was from the river Jordan to the sea, in length: in breadth, it was bounded by Jerusalem and Beth-el." Let these last words be marked, "The breadth of the land of Benjamin was bounded by Jerusalem and Beth-el." May we not justly conclude, from these words, that Jerusalem and Beth-el were opposite, as it were, in a right line? But if you look upon the maps, there are some that separate these by a very large tract of land,
John Lightfoot—From the Talmud and Hebraica

Retiring Before the Sanhedrin's Decree.
(Jerusalem and Ephraim in Judæa.) ^D John XI. 47-54. ^d 47 The chief priests therefore and the Pharisees gathered a council [called a meeting of the Sanhedrin], and said, What do we? [Thus they reproach one another for having done nothing in a present and urgent crisis. As two of their number (Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathæa) were afterwards in communications with Christians, it was easy for the disciples to find out what occurred on this notable occasion.] for this man doeth many signs.
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Flight into Egypt and Slaughter of the Bethlehem Children.
(Bethlehem and Road Thence to Egypt, b.c. 4.) ^A Matt. II. 13-18. ^a 13 Now when they were departed [The text favors the idea that the arrival and departure of the magi and the departure of Joseph for Egypt, all occurred in one night. If so, the people of Bethlehem knew nothing of these matters], behold, the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise [this command calls for immediate departure] and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt [This land was ever the
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Subjects of Study. Home Education in Israel; Female Education. Elementary Schools, Schoolmasters, and School Arrangements.
If a faithful picture of society in ancient Greece or Rome were to be presented to view, it is not easy to believe that even they who now most oppose the Bible could wish their aims success. For this, at any rate, may be asserted, without fear of gainsaying, that no other religion than that of the Bible has proved competent to control an advanced, or even an advancing, state of civilisation. Every other bound has been successively passed and submerged by the rising tide; how deep only the student
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Joshua
The book of Joshua is the natural complement of the Pentateuch. Moses is dead, but the people are on the verge of the promised land, and the story of early Israel would be incomplete, did it not record the conquest of that land and her establishment upon it. The divine purpose moves restlessly on, until it is accomplished; so "after the death of Moses, Jehovah spake to Joshua," i. 1. The book falls naturally into three divisions: (a) the conquest of Canaan (i.-xii.), (b) the settlement of the
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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