Genesis 34:20

So Hamor and his son Shechem went to the gate of their city and addressed the men of their city:

Study Bible

So Hamor and his son Shechem
Hamor and Shechem are central figures in this narrative. Hamor, the father, is a Hivite, a group of people living in Canaan. His name means "donkey," which in ancient times symbolized strength and service. Shechem, his son, shares his name with the city, indicating his prominence. The narrative of Genesis 34 revolves around their actions and decisions, which have significant implications for the covenant people of Israel. This father-son duo represents the leadership and authority within their community, and their actions reflect the cultural and moral dynamics of the time.

went to the gate of their city
The city gate in ancient times was not merely a passageway but a place of significant social and legal activity. It was where leaders met to discuss important matters, where justice was administered, and where community decisions were made. The gate symbolized authority and governance. Hamor and Shechem's decision to go to the gate indicates their intent to engage the community's leaders and decision-makers in their plan. This setting underscores the gravity of their proposal and the communal nature of decision-making in ancient Near Eastern societies.

and spoke to the men of their city
The act of speaking to the men of the city highlights the patriarchal structure of ancient societies, where men held positions of power and influence. The phrase suggests a formal address, likely involving persuasion and negotiation. In the context of Genesis 34, this speech is pivotal as it seeks to align the city's inhabitants with Hamor and Shechem's intentions regarding Dinah and the proposed intermarriage with Jacob's family. This moment is crucial, as it sets the stage for the unfolding events and reflects the cultural norms of alliance and integration through marriage.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Hamor
The father of Shechem, a Hivite prince. He plays a central role in negotiating with Jacob's family after his son defiles Dinah.

2. Shechem
The son of Hamor, who defiled Dinah, Jacob's daughter. His actions set off a series of events leading to negotiations and eventual conflict.

3. The Gate of the City
In ancient times, the city gate was a place of legal transactions, public announcements, and community gatherings. It was a central hub for decision-making and governance.

4. The Men of the City
The male inhabitants of Shechem, who are addressed by Hamor and Shechem to gain their support for the proposed intermarriage with Jacob's family.

5. Dinah
The daughter of Jacob and Leah, whose defilement by Shechem is the catalyst for the events in this chapter.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Community Decision-Making
The city gate as a place of decision-making underscores the importance of community involvement in significant decisions. In our lives, seeking wise counsel and involving trusted community members in our decisions can lead to more balanced and righteous outcomes.

The Consequences of Sin
Shechem's sin against Dinah led to a series of tragic events. This reminds us that sin often has far-reaching consequences, affecting not just the individual but the wider community.

The Role of Leadership
Hamor and Shechem's approach to the men of the city highlights the influence leaders have over their communities. As Christians, we are called to lead with integrity and righteousness, influencing others towards godly decisions.

Cultural Practices and God's Standards
The negotiation for intermarriage reflects cultural practices of the time, but it also challenges us to consider how cultural norms align or conflict with God's standards. We must discern and uphold God's truth in our cultural context.

The Power of Persuasion
Hamor and Shechem's attempt to persuade the men of the city shows the power of words and persuasion. As believers, we should use our words to build up and encourage others towards godliness.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the role of the city gate in Genesis 34:20 compare to its role in other biblical passages, and what does this teach us about community decision-making?

2. What can we learn from the consequences of Shechem's actions regarding the impact of personal sin on a community?

3. In what ways can we, as leaders in our communities or families, ensure that our influence aligns with biblical principles?

4. How can we discern when cultural practices conflict with God's standards, and what steps can we take to uphold God's truth in such situations?

5. Reflect on a time when persuasion was used for good or ill in your life. How can you use your influence to encourage others towards righteousness?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 23
The negotiation for the burial site of Sarah by Abraham at the city gate parallels the negotiation at the city gate in Genesis 34, highlighting the cultural significance of the gate as a place of legal and communal decision-making.

Deuteronomy 21:19
This passage discusses bringing a rebellious son to the city gate for judgment, further illustrating the gate's role as a place of authority and justice.

Proverbs 31:23
The virtuous woman's husband is respected at the city gate, emphasizing the gate as a place of honor and societal standing.