Deuteronomy 22:15

Then the young woman's father and mother shall bring the proof of her virginity to the city elders at the gate

Study Bible

Then the young woman’s father and mother
This phrase highlights the involvement of the family unit, particularly the parents, in the social and legal matters of ancient Israelite society. The Hebrew culture placed a strong emphasis on family honor and integrity. The father and mother, as the primary guardians and representatives of their daughter, were responsible for her upbringing and protection. This reflects the patriarchal structure of the society, where the family was the basic unit of social order and the parents were seen as the custodians of their children's virtue and reputation.

shall bring the proof of her virginity
The "proof of her virginity" refers to a physical token or evidence, often understood to be a cloth with bloodstains from the wedding night, which was kept as a testament to the bride's virginity. In the Hebrew context, virginity was highly valued and was considered a sign of purity and honor. The Hebrew word for virginity, "bethulim," underscores the cultural and religious importance placed on a woman's chastity before marriage. This practice was not only a personal matter but also a communal concern, as it affected the social standing of the family within the community.

to the city elders
The "city elders" were respected leaders and judges within the community who held the authority to make legal decisions and resolve disputes. In ancient Israel, elders were typically older men with wisdom and experience, entrusted with maintaining justice and order. Their role in this context underscores the communal nature of justice and the importance of public accountability. The elders served as arbiters in legal matters, ensuring that the laws of God, as given through Moses, were upheld.

at the gate
The "gate" of the city was not merely a physical entrance but a central place for legal transactions, public meetings, and the administration of justice. It was a place where the community gathered, and where important decisions were made. The gate symbolized transparency and openness in legal proceedings, as it was a public space where the community could witness and participate in the administration of justice. This setting emphasizes the communal aspect of the law and the importance of public witness in maintaining social order and integrity.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Young Woman
Central to the verse, she is the subject of the accusation regarding her virginity.

2. Father and Mother
The parents of the young woman, responsible for presenting evidence of her virginity.

3. City Elders
Leaders and judges of the community who preside over legal matters at the city gate.

4. City Gate
The location where legal and civic matters are addressed, symbolizing justice and community governance.

5. Proof of Virginity
The evidence required to defend the young woman's honor and integrity.

Teaching Points

Cultural Context and Honor
Understanding the historical and cultural context of ancient Israel is crucial. The emphasis on virginity was tied to family honor and societal norms.

Role of Family
The involvement of the young woman's parents underscores the importance of family support and advocacy in times of crisis.

Community and Justice
The city elders' role highlights the importance of community leaders in upholding justice and truth.

Integrity and Evidence
The need for evidence in this situation points to the broader biblical principle of truth and integrity in all aspects of life.

Modern Application
While the specific cultural practices may differ today, the principles of family support, community justice, and personal integrity remain relevant.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the cultural context of ancient Israel influence the understanding of this verse, and what can we learn from it about the importance of family honor today?

2. In what ways can the role of the city elders in this passage inform our understanding of leadership and justice in the church community?

3. How can the principle of providing evidence and seeking truth in this passage be applied to modern-day situations where integrity is questioned?

4. What are some practical ways families can support and advocate for each other in times of crisis, as seen in the actions of the young woman's parents?

5. How do other biblical teachings on purity and integrity, such as those found in Proverbs 31 or 1 Timothy 5, complement the message of Deuteronomy 22:15?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 34
The account of Dinah highlights the cultural importance of a woman's purity and family honor in ancient Israel.

Matthew 1:18-19
Joseph's response to Mary's pregnancy reflects the cultural and legal implications of perceived impurity.

1 Timothy 5:1-2
Encourages treating younger women with purity, reflecting the ongoing biblical emphasis on sexual integrity.

Proverbs 31:10-31
Describes the virtues of a noble woman, emphasizing character and integrity.