Deuteronomy 20:19

When you lay siege to a city for an extended time while fighting against it to capture it, you must not destroy its trees by putting an axe to them, because you can eat their fruit. You must not cut them down. Are the trees of the field human, that you should besiege them?

Study Bible

When you lay siege to a city for an extended time while fighting against it to capture it
In ancient warfare, sieges were common as cities were often fortified with walls. The Israelites, under God's command, were instructed on how to conduct warfare ethically. This reflects God's concern for justice and mercy even in times of conflict. The extended time indicates a prolonged military campaign, which was a typical strategy to weaken a city's defenses and morale.

you must not destroy its trees by putting an axe to them
This command highlights the importance of preserving resources. Fruit trees were vital for sustenance and future prosperity. The prohibition against destroying them shows a respect for God's creation and a recognition of the long-term consequences of war. This principle of conservation can be seen as an early form of environmental stewardship.

because you can eat their fruit
The fruit trees provided necessary food for both the besieging army and the local population. This practical consideration ensured that the land remained productive and that the people could sustain themselves. It reflects a broader biblical theme of God's provision and the importance of maintaining resources for future generations.

You must not cut them down
This reiteration emphasizes the importance of the command. It underscores the value of life and productivity over destruction. In a broader biblical context, it aligns with the principle of preserving life and the earth, as seen in Genesis with the care of the Garden of Eden.

Are the trees of the field human, that you should besiege them?
This rhetorical question draws a distinction between humans and nature, emphasizing that trees are not enemies. It suggests a moral and ethical consideration in warfare, recognizing that not all elements of a city are to be treated as combatants. This reflects a broader biblical ethic of distinguishing between combatants and non-combatants, and it can be seen as a precursor to modern principles of just war.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Israelites
The people receiving the law and instructions from God through Moses.

2. Moses
The leader of the Israelites, delivering God's commandments and laws.

3. Canaan
The land that the Israelites are preparing to enter and conquer.

4. Siege Warfare
A military strategy involving surrounding and attacking a city to capture it.

5. Fruit Trees
Trees that bear fruit, which are to be preserved during a siege for sustenance.

Teaching Points

Stewardship of Creation
God commands the preservation of fruit trees, highlighting the importance of responsible stewardship over creation. This principle encourages us to care for the environment and use resources wisely.

Value of Sustenance
The instruction not to destroy fruit trees during a siege underscores the value of sustenance and the need to prioritize life-giving resources. In our lives, we should prioritize what sustains and nurtures us spiritually and physically.

Respect for God's Provision
By preserving fruit trees, the Israelites show respect for God's provision. We are reminded to be grateful for and respectful of the resources God provides, recognizing them as gifts.

Discernment in Conflict
The command to spare fruit trees during warfare teaches discernment in conflict situations. We should seek to minimize unnecessary harm and preserve what is good and beneficial.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the command to preserve fruit trees during a siege reflect God's character and priorities?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of stewardship over creation in our daily lives?

3. How does the preservation of fruit trees during warfare relate to the broader biblical theme of valuing life and sustenance?

4. What are some modern-day situations where we might need to exercise discernment to preserve what is good and beneficial?

5. How can the teachings in Deuteronomy 20:19 inspire us to be more grateful for and respectful of God's provision in our lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 1:29
This verse highlights God's provision of plants and trees for food, establishing the importance of preserving life-sustaining resources.

Leviticus 19:23-25
These verses discuss the laws regarding fruit trees, emphasizing the value and sanctity of trees that provide food.

Romans 8:19-22
This passage speaks to the creation's longing for redemption, reflecting the interconnectedness of humanity and nature.

Matthew 7:17-20
Jesus uses the metaphor of trees and fruit to teach about discernment and the nature of good and evil.