Deuteronomy 13:16
And you are to gather all its plunder in the middle of the public square, and completely burn the city and all its plunder as a whole burnt offering to the LORD your God. The city must remain a mound of ruins forever, never to be rebuilt.
You are to gather
The directive to "gather" implies a deliberate and comprehensive action. In the Hebrew context, the word used here is "קָבַץ" (qavats), which means to collect or assemble. This action signifies a thorough and intentional gathering of all possessions, emphasizing the seriousness of the command and the totality of the judgment against the city. It reflects God's demand for complete obedience and the eradication of idolatry.

all its spoil
The term "spoil" refers to the goods and possessions of the city. In Hebrew, "שָׁלָל" (shalal) denotes plunder or loot. This indicates that everything of value is to be collected, signifying that nothing should be left behind or reused. The spoil represents the material wealth that could potentially lead the Israelites astray, thus it must be destroyed to prevent any temptation or future idolatry.

into the middle of the city square
The "middle of the city square" is a public and central location, symbolizing transparency and communal participation in the act of judgment. This central gathering point ensures that the entire community witnesses the destruction, reinforcing the collective responsibility to uphold God's commandments and the communal rejection of idolatry.

and completely burn
The phrase "completely burn" underscores the total destruction required. The Hebrew word "שָׂרַף" (saraph) means to burn or consume with fire. This act of burning signifies purification and the removal of sin, as fire is often used in the Bible as a symbol of divine judgment and cleansing. It reflects the severity of the offense and the need for a complete eradication of evil.

the city and all its spoil
The inclusion of both "the city and all its spoil" highlights the comprehensive nature of the judgment. Not only the material possessions but the very infrastructure and identity of the city are to be destroyed. This total destruction serves as a deterrent to future rebellion and a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God.

as a whole burnt offering
The term "whole burnt offering" is significant in its religious connotation. In Hebrew, "עוֹלָה" (olah) refers to a sacrifice that is entirely consumed by fire, symbolizing complete devotion and surrender to God. By offering the city as a burnt offering, the Israelites are demonstrating their commitment to God and their rejection of idolatry, acknowledging His sovereignty and holiness.

to the LORD your God
This phrase emphasizes the ultimate purpose of the act: to honor and obey "the LORD your God." It is a reminder that the Israelites' actions are not merely punitive but are acts of worship and obedience to God. The use of "your God" personalizes the relationship, underscoring the covenant between God and His people and their duty to remain faithful.

The city must remain a ruin forever
The command that the city "must remain a ruin forever" signifies the permanence of the judgment. The Hebrew word "תֵּל" (tel) means a heap or mound, indicating that the city is to be left as a perpetual reminder of the consequences of idolatry. This lasting ruin serves as a warning to future generations of the seriousness of disobedience to God.

never to be rebuilt
The prohibition against rebuilding the city underscores the finality of God's judgment. The Hebrew "לֹא תִבָּנֶה" (lo tibaneh) means it shall not be built again. This ensures that the city remains a testament to God's justice and the importance of faithfulness. It serves as a deterrent to future idolatry and a reminder of the need for unwavering devotion to God.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Israelites
The chosen people of God, who are being instructed on how to deal with cities that lead them into idolatry.

2. Idolatrous City
A city within Israel that has turned to worship other gods, leading its inhabitants astray.

3. Public Square
The central place in the city where the plunder is gathered, symbolizing the public nature of the judgment.

4. Whole Burnt Offering
A sacrificial act dedicated entirely to God, signifying complete destruction and devotion.

5. The LORD (Yahweh)
The God of Israel, who demands exclusive worship and obedience from His people.
Teaching Points
The Seriousness of Idolatry
Idolatry is a grave sin that leads people away from God. The drastic measures commanded in Deuteronomy 13:16 underscore the seriousness with which God views idolatry.

Total Devotion to God
The command to burn the city and its plunder as a whole burnt offering signifies the need for total devotion to God. Nothing should be spared or kept for personal gain when it comes to eradicating sin.

Irrevocable Consecration
Once something is devoted to God, it cannot be reclaimed or rebuilt. This teaches us about the irrevocable nature of our commitments to God.

Public Accountability
The gathering of plunder in the public square highlights the importance of public accountability in dealing with sin. Sin is not just a private matter but affects the community.

Eternal Consequences
The command that the city must remain a ruin forever serves as a reminder of the eternal consequences of sin and disobedience.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the command to destroy an idolatrous city reflect God's view on idolatry, and how can we apply this understanding to our lives today?

2. In what ways does the concept of a "whole burnt offering" challenge us to examine our own level of devotion to God?

3. How can we ensure that our commitments to God are irrevocable, similar to the irrevocable consecration described in Deuteronomy 13:16?

4. What role does public accountability play in our spiritual lives, and how can we foster a community that supports this?

5. How do the eternal consequences of sin, as illustrated in this passage, influence our daily decisions and actions?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Leviticus 27
Discusses the concept of things devoted to the Lord, including the irrevocable nature of such dedications.

Joshua 6
The destruction of Jericho, where the city and its plunder were devoted to the Lord, illustrating the seriousness of God's commands.

1 Samuel 15
The account of Saul and the Amalekites, highlighting the consequences of incomplete obedience to God's commands.

Revelation 18
The fall of Babylon, symbolizing the ultimate judgment on systems and cities that oppose God.
God's Executioners Upon IdolatersD. Davies Deuteronomy 13:1-18
Idolatry to be Treated as a Capital CrimeR.M. Edgar Deuteronomy 13:1-18
A City Under BanJ. Orr Deuteronomy 13:12-18
People
Moses
Places
Beth-baal-peor, Egypt
Topics
Age-during, Booty, Broad, Building, Built, Burn, Burned, Burning, Burnt, Completely, Fire, Forever, Gather, Goods, Hast, Heap, Middle, Midst, Offering, Open, Plunder, Property, Public, Rebuilt, Ruin, Space, Spoil, Square, Street, Thereof, Town, Waste, Whit, Wholly
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Deuteronomy 13:16

     5508   ruins

Library
Fifthly, as this Revelation, to the Judgment of Right and Sober Reason,
appears of itself highly credible and probable, and abundantly recommends itself in its native simplicity, merely by its own intrinsic goodness and excellency, to the practice of the most rational and considering men, who are desirous in all their actions to have satisfaction and comfort and good hope within themselves, from the conscience of what they do: So it is moreover positively and directly proved to be actually and immediately sent to us from God, by the many infallible signs and miracles
Samuel Clarke—A Discourse Concerning the Being and Attributes of God

Knox's Writings from Abroad: Beginning of the Scottish Revolution, 1556-1558
Knox was about this time summoned to be one of the preachers to the English at Geneva. He sent in advance Mrs. Bowes and his wife, visited Argyll and Glenorchy (now Breadalbane), wrote (July 7) an epistle bidding the brethren be diligent in reading and discussing the Bible, and went abroad. His effigy was presently burned by the clergy, as he had not appeared in answer to a second summons, and he was outlawed in absence. It is not apparent that Knox took any part in the English translation of the
Andrew Lang—John Knox and the Reformation

With, Before, After
'Enoch walked with God,'--GENESIS v. 22. 'Walk before Me.'--GENESIS xvii. 1. 'Ye shall walk after the Lord your God.'--DEUTERONOMY xiii. 4. You will have anticipated, I suppose, my purpose in doing what I very seldom do--cutting little snippets out of different verses and putting them together. You see that these three fragments, in their resemblances and in their differences, are equally significant and instructive. They concur in regarding life as a walk--a metaphor which expresses continuity,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Feeding of the Four Thousand - to Dalmanutha - the Sign from Heaven' - Journey to Cæsarea Philippi - what is the Leaven of The
THEY might well gather to Jesus in their thousands, with their wants of body and soul, these sheep wandering without a shepherd; for His Ministry in that district, as formerly in Galilee, was about to draw to a close. And here it is remarkable, that each time His prolonged stay and Ministry in a district were brought to a close with some supper, so to speak, some festive entertainment on his part. The Galilean Ministry had closed with the feeding of the five thousand, the guests being mostly from
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Fifth Sunday after Epiphany
Text: Colossians 3, 12-17. 12 Put on therefore, as God's elect, holy and beloved, a heart of compassion, kindness, lowliness, meekness, longsuffering; 13 forbearing one another, and forgiving each other, if any man have a complaint against any; even as the Lord forgave you, so also do ye: 14 and above all these things put on love, which is the bond of perfectness. 15 And let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, to the which also ye were called in one body; and be ye thankful. 16 Let the Word
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. II

Concerning the Power of the Civil Magistrate in Matters Purely Religious, and Pertaining to the Conscience.
Concerning the Power of the Civil Magistrate in Matters purely Religious, and pertaining to the Conscience. Since God hath assumed to himself the power and Dominion of the Conscience, who alone can rightly instruct and govern it, therefore it is not lawful [1226] for any whosoever, by virtue of any authority or principality they bear in the government of this world, to force the consciences of others; and therefore all killing, banishing, fining, imprisoning, and other such things which are inflicted
Robert Barclay—Theses Theologicae and An Apology for the True Christian Divinity

The Medes and the Second Chaldaean Empire
THE FALL OF NINEVEH AND THE RISE OF THE CHALDAEAN AND MEDIAN EMPIRES--THE XXVIth EGYPTIAN DYNASTY: CYAXARES, ALYATTES, AND NEBUCHADREZZAR. The legendary history of the kings of Media and the first contact of the Medes with the Assyrians: the alleged Iranian migrations of the Avesta--Media-proper, its fauna and flora; Phraortes and the beginning of the Median empire--Persia proper and the Persians; conquest of Persia by the Medes--The last monuments of Assur-bani-pal: the library of Kouyunjik--Phraortes
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 8

Jewish Homes
It may be safely asserted, that the grand distinction, which divided all mankind into Jews and Gentiles, was not only religious, but also social. However near the cities of the heathen to those of Israel, however frequent and close the intercourse between the two parties, no one could have entered a Jewish town or village without feeling, so to speak, in quite another world. The aspect of the streets, the building and arrangement of the houses, the municipal and religious rule, the manners and customs
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Deuteronomy
Owing to the comparatively loose nature of the connection between consecutive passages in the legislative section, it is difficult to present an adequate summary of the book of Deuteronomy. In the first section, i.-iv. 40, Moses, after reviewing the recent history of the people, and showing how it reveals Jehovah's love for Israel, earnestly urges upon them the duty of keeping His laws, reminding them of His spirituality and absoluteness. Then follows the appointment, iv. 41-43--here irrelevant (cf.
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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