Acts 14:5

But when the Gentiles and Jews, together with their rulers, set out to mistreat and stone them,

Study Bible

But when
This phrase introduces a pivotal moment in the narrative. The Greek word "δέ" (de) often serves as a conjunction that marks a transition or contrast. Here, it signals a shift from the preceding verses where Paul and Barnabas were preaching effectively. This transition highlights the volatility of their mission and the ever-present threat of opposition.

the Gentiles and Jews
The mention of both "Gentiles" and "Jews" underscores the widespread nature of the opposition. In the early church, the term "Gentiles" (Greek: ἔθνη, ethnē) referred to non-Jews, often seen as outsiders to the covenant community of Israel. The inclusion of "Jews" (Greek: Ἰουδαῖοι, Ioudaioi) indicates that the resistance to the Gospel was not limited to one ethnic or religious group. This reflects the broader theme in Acts of the Gospel encountering resistance from various quarters, emphasizing the universal challenge of spreading the Christian message.

together with their rulers
The phrase "together with their rulers" highlights the involvement of local authorities in the opposition. The Greek word for "rulers" (ἄρχοντες, archontes) can refer to leaders or officials who held power in the city. This suggests that the opposition was not merely a grassroots movement but had the backing of those in positions of authority. Historically, this aligns with the pattern of early Christian persecution, where local leaders often played a role in suppressing the new faith.

set out to mistreat
The phrase "set out to mistreat" indicates a deliberate and organized effort to harm Paul and Barnabas. The Greek verb "ὁρμάω" (hormao) conveys a sense of rushing or charging, suggesting an aggressive intent. The term "mistreat" (κακοποιέω, kakopoieo) implies doing harm or evil, reflecting the hostility faced by the apostles. This hostility is a recurring theme in Acts, where the apostles often face physical and verbal abuse for their preaching.

and stone them
The act of stoning was a common form of execution in ancient Jewish law, reserved for certain transgressions. The Greek word "λιθάζω" (lithazo) specifically refers to this method of capital punishment. Stoning was not only a means of execution but also a communal act, often involving the participation of the community. This reflects the severity of the opposition and the perceived threat that Paul and Barnabas posed to the established religious and social order. The mention of stoning underscores the life-threatening danger faced by the apostles as they spread the Gospel.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Gentiles and Jews
These groups represent the diverse audience that Paul and Barnabas were addressing. The Gentiles were non-Jews, often seen as outsiders to the Jewish faith, while the Jews were the people of Israel, God's chosen people in the Old Testament.

2. Rulers
These were likely local authorities or leaders who had influence over the people. Their involvement indicates that the opposition to Paul and Barnabas was not just from the general populace but also from those in positions of power.

3. Paul and Barnabas
The apostles who were on a missionary journey to spread the Gospel. They faced opposition and persecution as they preached the message of Jesus Christ.

4. Mistreat and Stone
This phrase indicates the severe opposition and threat of violence that Paul and Barnabas faced. Stoning was a method of execution used in ancient times, particularly for blasphemy or other serious offenses.

5. Iconium
The city where these events took place. It was a significant location in the missionary journeys of Paul and Barnabas, situated in what is now modern-day Turkey.

Teaching Points

Expect Opposition
As followers of Christ, we should anticipate opposition when we stand for the truth of the Gospel. This is a natural part of living out our faith in a world that often rejects God's message.

Courage in the Face of Persecution
Paul and Barnabas exemplify courage and commitment to their mission despite threats. We are called to be bold in our witness, trusting God for protection and strength.

Unity in Adversity
The collaboration between Gentiles and Jews against Paul and Barnabas shows how opposition can unite diverse groups. As believers, we should seek unity in Christ, especially when facing external challenges.

Rely on God's Guidance
In times of persecution, it is crucial to seek God's wisdom and guidance. Paul and Barnabas continued their mission by discerning when to stay and when to move on, relying on the Holy Spirit.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the opposition faced by Paul and Barnabas in Acts 14:5 reflect the challenges we might encounter in sharing our faith today?

2. In what ways can we prepare ourselves spiritually and emotionally to face persecution or opposition for our beliefs?

3. How can the unity of diverse groups against Paul and Barnabas serve as a reminder of the importance of unity within the body of Christ?

4. Reflect on a time when you faced opposition for your faith. How did you respond, and what can you learn from Paul and Barnabas' example?

5. How can we discern when to stand firm and when to move on in our ministry efforts, as Paul and Barnabas did in their missionary journeys?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Acts 13:50
This verse describes a similar situation where Paul and Barnabas faced persecution from both Jews and influential city leaders, showing a pattern of opposition in their ministry.

2 Timothy 3:12
This verse speaks to the reality that all who desire to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will face persecution, connecting to the experiences of Paul and Barnabas.

Matthew 5:10-12
Jesus' teaching on the Beatitudes includes a blessing for those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake, providing encouragement and perspective for believers facing opposition.