2 Chronicles 4:3

Below the rim, figures of oxen encircled it, ten per cubit all the way around the Sea, cast in two rows as a part of the Sea.

Study Bible

Below the rim
This phrase refers to the placement of the decorative elements on the "Sea," a large basin used in the temple for ceremonial washing. The "rim" signifies the upper boundary of the basin, indicating that the decorations were strategically placed to be visible yet not intrusive. In Hebrew, the word for "rim" can also imply a border or edge, symbolizing the boundary between the sacred and the profane, a recurring theme in temple design.

Figures of oxen
The oxen are significant in biblical symbolism, representing strength, service, and sacrifice. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, oxen were often associated with agricultural fertility and divine provision. The use of oxen figures here may symbolize the strength and sustenance provided by God to His people. The Hebrew word for oxen, "par," also conveys the idea of fruitfulness and abundance, aligning with the temple's purpose as a place of divine blessing.

Encircled it
This phrase indicates that the oxen figures formed a complete circle around the Sea. The circle is a symbol of eternity and completeness, reflecting the eternal nature of God's covenant with Israel. In the context of the temple, this encircling design may also represent the all-encompassing presence of God, who surrounds and protects His people.

Ten per cubit
The specific measurement of "ten per cubit" highlights the precision and orderliness of the temple's construction. The cubit, an ancient unit of length, underscores the meticulous care taken in following divine instructions. The number ten often symbolizes completeness and divine order in Scripture, suggesting that the design was not only aesthetically pleasing but also spiritually significant.

All the way around the Sea
This phrase emphasizes the thoroughness and uniformity of the design. The "Sea" refers to the large basin used for ritual purification, symbolizing the cleansing power of God. The complete encirclement by the oxen figures may represent the comprehensive nature of God's cleansing and sanctifying work in the lives of His people.

The oxen were cast
The casting of the oxen figures indicates that they were made using a mold, a common technique in ancient metallurgy. This process required skill and precision, reflecting the high level of craftsmanship dedicated to the temple's construction. The act of casting also symbolizes the formation and shaping of God's people, molded by His divine will and purpose.

In two rows
The arrangement of the oxen in two rows suggests a sense of order and balance. In biblical numerology, the number two often represents witness and testimony. This dual arrangement may symbolize the dual nature of God's covenant—His promises and His expectations for His people. It also reflects the harmony and balance inherent in God's creation and His divine plan.

When the Sea was cast
The casting of the Sea itself was a monumental task, requiring great skill and resources. This phrase highlights the importance of the Sea in temple worship, serving as a constant reminder of the need for purification and holiness. The act of casting, in this context, signifies the establishment of a sacred space where God's presence could dwell among His people, facilitating their worship and communion with Him.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Solomon
The king of Israel who commissioned the building of the temple, including the crafting of the "Sea" or large basin described in this verse.

2. The Temple
The holy place in Jerusalem where the Israelites worshiped God, built by Solomon as a permanent dwelling place for the Ark of the Covenant.

3. The Sea
A large basin used in the temple for ceremonial washing, symbolizing purification and the cleansing power of God.

4. Oxen
Symbolic figures cast around the Sea, representing strength and service, often associated with sacrifice and labor in biblical symbolism.

5. Hiram of Tyre
The skilled craftsman who assisted Solomon in the construction of the temple, including the casting of the Sea and its decorations.

Teaching Points

Symbolism of Purity and Cleansing
The Sea represents the necessity of purification before approaching God. Just as the priests needed to wash before serving, we must seek spiritual cleansing through Christ.

Strength and Service
The oxen symbolize strength and service. As believers, we are called to serve God with strength and dedication, offering our lives as living sacrifices.

Craftsmanship and Excellence
The detailed craftsmanship of the Sea reflects the importance of offering our best to God. In our work and worship, we should strive for excellence as an act of devotion.

God's Provision and Abundance
The abundance of oxen figures around the Sea signifies God's provision. We can trust in God's abundant resources to equip us for His service.

The Role of Community in Worship
The construction of the temple involved many skilled workers, highlighting the importance of community and collaboration in building God's kingdom.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the symbolism of the Sea in Solomon's temple relate to the concept of spiritual cleansing in the New Testament?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate strength and service in our daily lives, following the example of the oxen around the Sea?

3. How can we apply the principle of offering our best to God in our personal and professional lives?

4. What are some ways we can rely on God's provision and abundance in times of need?

5. How can we foster a sense of community and collaboration in our local church or ministry, similar to the teamwork seen in the construction of the temple?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 30:17-21
This passage describes the bronze basin used for washing by the priests, which parallels the purpose of the Sea in Solomon's temple.

1 Kings 7:23-26
Provides a parallel account of the construction of the Sea, offering additional details about its dimensions and design.

Revelation 4:6
Describes a sea of glass before the throne of God, symbolizing purity and holiness, which can be seen as a heavenly counterpart to the earthly Sea in the temple.