1 Samuel 29:3

Then the commanders of the Philistines asked, "What about these Hebrews?" Achish replied, "Is this not David, the servant of King Saul of Israel? He has been with me all these days, even years, and from the day he defected until today I have found no fault in him."

Study Bible

What are these
This phrase introduces a question that is both inquisitive and skeptical. The Philistine commanders are puzzled and perhaps suspicious about the presence of Hebrews among their ranks. The Hebrew word for "these" (אֵלֶּה, 'elleh) is often used to point out something specific, indicating that the commanders are drawing attention to a particular group that stands out. This highlights the tension and the cultural divide between the Philistines and the Israelites, emphasizing the unusual nature of the situation.

Hebrews
The term "Hebrews" (עִבְרִים, 'Ivrim) is used here to describe the Israelites, and it carries a historical weight. It is often associated with the descendants of Eber, an ancestor of Abraham, and is used in the Old Testament to denote the people of Israel, especially in contexts where they are seen as outsiders or foreigners. This term underscores the identity and heritage of David and his men, who are seen as distinct from the Philistines, both ethnically and religiously. The use of "Hebrews" here is significant as it reminds the reader of the covenant relationship between God and the Israelites, setting the stage for the unfolding of God's providential plan.

doing here?
The question "doing here?" (עֹשִׂים פֹּה, 'osim poh) reflects a sense of disbelief and concern. The Philistine commanders are questioning the appropriateness and loyalty of the Hebrews' presence in their military camp. This phrase suggests a deeper inquiry into motives and intentions, highlighting the precarious position of David and his men. Historically, this moment is critical as it tests David's allegiance and foreshadows his eventual kingship over Israel. Theologically, it serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and the unfolding of His divine plan, even in situations that seem politically and militarily complex.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Philistine Commanders
Military leaders of the Philistine army, questioning the presence of Hebrews among them.

2. Achish
The king of Gath, a Philistine city, who had given refuge to David and trusted him.

3. David
The future king of Israel, who had sought refuge with the Philistines while fleeing from King Saul.

4. Saul
The first king of Israel, from whom David was fleeing due to Saul's jealousy and attempts on his life.

5. Hebrews
Referring to David and his men, highlighting their identity as Israelites among the Philistines.

Teaching Points

Trust in God's Timing
David's time with the Philistines shows the importance of trusting God's timing and provision, even when circumstances seem contrary to His promises.

Integrity in Adversity
Despite being in enemy territory, David maintained his integrity, as Achish found "no fault in him." This challenges us to uphold our values in difficult situations.

God's Sovereignty
The unfolding events demonstrate God's sovereignty in using even unlikely situations to prepare David for his future role as king.

Identity and Allegiance
The question "What about these Hebrews?" highlights the importance of maintaining our identity and allegiance to God, even when surrounded by those who do not share our faith.

Wisdom in Relationships
David's relationship with Achish shows the need for wisdom in navigating relationships with those outside our faith community.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's experience with the Philistines challenge us to trust in God's timing and provision in our own lives?

2. In what ways can we maintain our integrity and witness for Christ when we find ourselves in challenging or hostile environments?

3. How does the account of David and Achish illustrate God's sovereignty and His ability to use all circumstances for His purposes?

4. What lessons can we learn from David's identity as a Hebrew among the Philistines about maintaining our Christian identity in a secular world?

5. How can we apply the wisdom David showed in his relationship with Achish to our interactions with non-believers today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 27
Provides context for David's alliance with Achish, explaining why David was with the Philistines.

1 Samuel 18-19
Details Saul's jealousy and pursuit of David, leading to David's flight.

Psalm 34
A psalm attributed to David during his time with the Philistines, reflecting his trust in God despite his circumstances.

2 Samuel 5
Chronicles David's eventual rise to kingship over Israel, fulfilling God's promise.