1 Samuel 23:17

saying, "Do not be afraid, for my father Saul will never lay a hand on you. And you will be king over Israel, and I will be your second-in-command. Even my father Saul knows this is true."

Study Bible

Do not be afraid
This phrase is a common biblical exhortation, often used by God or His messengers to reassure His people. In Hebrew, the phrase is "אַל־תִּירָא" (al-tirah), which is a command to not fear. This reflects a deep trust in God's sovereignty and protection. Jonathan, speaking to David, is encouraging him to have faith and courage despite the threats from Saul. This is a reminder that fear is often a barrier to fulfilling God's purposes, and believers are called to trust in God's plan.

for my father Saul
Saul, the first king of Israel, represents the old order that God is moving away from due to Saul's disobedience. The mention of "my father" highlights Jonathan's personal conflict, as he is torn between his loyalty to his father and his friendship with David. This phrase underscores the tension between familial loyalty and divine purpose, a recurring theme in Scripture.

will never lay a hand on you
This assurance from Jonathan is both a prophecy and a declaration of faith. The Hebrew word for "lay a hand" (יָד) often signifies power or control. Jonathan is confident that despite Saul's intentions, God's will for David to ascend to the throne will prevail. This reflects the biblical principle that no human power can thwart God's plans.

You will be king over Israel
This is a prophetic affirmation of David's future role as king, which aligns with God's anointing of David through Samuel. The Hebrew word for king, "מֶלֶךְ" (melech), signifies not just a political leader but one who is to shepherd God's people. Jonathan's recognition of David's future kingship is an act of humility and submission to God's will, acknowledging the divine right over human ambition.

and I will be your second-in-command
Jonathan's declaration of his willingness to serve under David is a profound act of humility and friendship. The Hebrew concept of "second" (מִשְׁנֶה, mishneh) implies a supportive role, showing Jonathan's selflessness and recognition of God's anointing on David. This reflects the biblical ideal of servant leadership and the importance of supporting God's chosen leaders.

Even my father Saul knows this is true
This statement highlights the undeniable reality of God's plan, acknowledged even by Saul, who is actively opposing it. The phrase underscores the futility of resisting God's will. It also reveals the internal conflict within Saul, who is aware of David's destiny yet struggles against it. This serves as a reminder of the importance of aligning oneself with God's purposes rather than resisting them.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by God, and currently fleeing from King Saul who seeks his life.

2. Jonathan
The son of King Saul, a loyal friend to David, and a man of faith who recognizes God's plan for David.

3. Saul
The first king of Israel, who is in pursuit of David due to jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

4. Israel
The nation over which David is prophesied to become king.

5. Wilderness of Ziph
The location where Jonathan meets David to encourage him.

Teaching Points

Faith in God's Promises
Jonathan's words to David reflect a deep trust in God's plan. We are encouraged to have faith in God's promises, even when circumstances seem dire.

Courage in Adversity
Jonathan tells David not to be afraid, reminding us that courage is rooted in faith and trust in God's sovereignty.

True Friendship
Jonathan exemplifies selfless friendship, prioritizing God's will and David's well-being over his own potential claim to the throne.

God's Sovereignty
Despite Saul's pursuit, Jonathan acknowledges God's ultimate control over who will be king, teaching us to trust in God's timing and plan.

Servant Leadership
Jonathan's willingness to be second-in-command under David shows humility and a servant's heart, a model for Christian leadership.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's encouragement to David in 1 Samuel 23:17 demonstrate his faith in God's promises? Reflect on a time when you needed similar encouragement.

2. In what ways does Jonathan's relationship with David challenge our understanding of friendship and loyalty? How can you apply this in your relationships today?

3. Consider the role of fear in this passage. How does Jonathan's assurance to David speak to the fears you face in your own life?

4. How does Jonathan's acceptance of David's future kingship reflect a trust in God's sovereignty? What areas of your life require a similar trust?

5. Reflect on the concept of servant leadership as demonstrated by Jonathan. How can you practice servant leadership in your community or workplace?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the covenant of friendship between Jonathan and David, highlighting their deep bond and Jonathan's recognition of David's future as king.

1 Samuel 20:31
Saul's acknowledgment of David as a threat to his throne, contrasting with Jonathan's acceptance of God's will.

2 Samuel 9:1-7
David's kindness to Jonathan's son, Mephibosheth, fulfilling his promise to Jonathan and demonstrating covenant loyalty.

Proverbs 17:17
A friend loves at all times, and a brother is born for adversity, reflecting Jonathan's unwavering support for David.