1 Samuel 17:58

"Whose son are you, young man?" asked Saul. "I am the son of your servant Jesse of Bethlehem," David replied.

Study Bible

Whose son are you, young man?
This question posed by Saul is significant in the context of ancient Israelite society, where lineage and family heritage were crucial. The Hebrew word for "son" is "ben," which not only refers to a biological relationship but also to one's identity and social standing. Saul's inquiry reflects a desire to understand David's background, as family ties often determined one's role and status within the community. The term "young man" (Hebrew: "na'ar") indicates David's youth and vigor, highlighting the remarkable nature of his victory over Goliath despite his age.

Saul asked him
Saul, the first king of Israel, is depicted here as a leader seeking to understand the origins of the young hero who has just delivered a significant victory for Israel. This moment is pivotal, as it marks the beginning of Saul's awareness of David, who will later become a central figure in Israel's history. Saul's inquiry can be seen as a moment of recognition, where the king acknowledges the potential and promise in David, setting the stage for their complex relationship.

And David replied
David's response is humble and straightforward, reflecting his character. The Hebrew root for "replied" is "anah," which can also mean to answer or respond. This indicates a respectful and direct communication, characteristic of David's interactions. His reply is not only an answer to Saul's question but also an introduction of himself to the royal court, marking the beginning of his rise to prominence.

I am the son of your servant Jesse
David identifies himself as the son of Jesse, emphasizing his humble origins. The term "servant" (Hebrew: "ebed") signifies loyalty and service, indicating Jesse's and, by extension, David's allegiance to Saul. This phrase underscores the theme of servanthood and humility that runs throughout David's early life. Jesse's role as a servant to Saul also highlights the social structure of the time, where families often served the king and were part of the broader community network.

of Bethlehem
Bethlehem, a small town in Judah, is significant both historically and theologically. Known as the "House of Bread" (Hebrew: "Bet Lechem"), Bethlehem is later recognized as the birthplace of Jesus Christ, linking David's lineage to the Messianic prophecy. At this point in the narrative, Bethlehem is introduced as the humble origin of Israel's future king, emphasizing God's tendency to choose the unlikely and the lowly to fulfill His purposes. This setting foreshadows the greater role Bethlehem will play in the salvation history of Israel and the world.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Saul
The first king of Israel, anointed by the prophet Samuel. At this point in the account, Saul is still reigning as king, though his disobedience to God has led to the Lord seeking a new king.

2. David
A young shepherd who has just defeated Goliath, the Philistine giant. David is anointed by Samuel to be the future king of Israel, chosen by God for his heart and faithfulness.

3. Jesse
David's father, a resident of Bethlehem. Jesse is a humble man, and his lineage is significant as it connects to the prophecy of the Messiah coming from the line of David.

4. Bethlehem
A small town in Judah, known as the birthplace of David and later, Jesus Christ. It holds significant prophetic importance in the biblical account.

5. The Battle with Goliath
This event is a pivotal moment in David's life, showcasing his faith in God and his courage. It marks the beginning of David's rise to prominence in Israel.

Teaching Points

Identity in God
David identifies himself as the son of Jesse, a humble servant. Our identity should be rooted in our relationship with God and our spiritual heritage.

God's Sovereignty
Despite Saul's position as king, God is orchestrating events to bring David to prominence. Trust in God's timing and plan, even when circumstances seem uncertain.

Courage and Faith
David's response to Saul comes after his victory over Goliath, a testament to his faith. We are called to face our giants with the same courage and reliance on God.

Humility and Service
David's acknowledgment of his father as a servant reflects humility. As Christians, we are called to serve others and recognize our roles within God's kingdom.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's response to Saul reflect his understanding of his identity and purpose? How can we apply this understanding to our own lives?

2. In what ways does the account of David and Goliath encourage us to trust in God's power rather than our own abilities?

3. How does the lineage of David, as mentioned in this verse, connect to the broader account of God's plan for salvation through Jesus Christ?

4. What can we learn from David's humility in acknowledging his father as a servant, and how can this attitude be reflected in our daily interactions?

5. How does the setting of Bethlehem in this account foreshadow its significance in the New Testament, and what does this teach us about God's faithfulness to His promises?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 16
This chapter provides the background of David's anointing by Samuel, highlighting God's choice of David based on his heart rather than his outward appearance.

Matthew 1
The genealogy of Jesus Christ traces back to David, emphasizing the fulfillment of the prophecy that the Messiah would come from David's line.

Psalm 23
Authored by David, this psalm reflects his deep trust in God, a trust that is evident in his confrontation with Goliath.