King James Bible
But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him;

American Standard Version
But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was hungry, and they that were with him;

Young's Literal Translation
And he said to them, 'Did ye not read what David did, when he was hungry, himself and those with him --

Matthew 12:3 Additional Translations
Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Have ye not read what David did - The original history is in 1 Samuel 21:1-6.

When he was an hungered - Here hearken to Kimchi, producing the opinion of the ancients concerning this story in these words: "Our rabbins of blessed memory say, that he gave him the shew-bread, etc. The interpretation also of the clause, Yea, though it were sanctified this day in the vessel, is this: It is a small thing to say, that it is lawful for us to eat These Loaves, taken from before the Lord, when we are hungry; for it would be lawful to eat this very loaf which is now set on, which is also sanctified in the vessel, (for the table sanctifieth), it would be lawful to eat even this, when another loaf is not present with you to give us, and we are so hunger-bitten. And a little after, There is nothing which may hinder taking care of life, beside idolatry, adultery, and murder. That is, a man, according to them, should do any thing but these in order to preserve life." See Lightfoot.

He entered into the house of God - Viz. the house of Ahimelech the priest, who dwelt at Nob, with whom the tabernacle then was, in which the Divine presence was manifested.

And did eat the shew - bread - Τους αρτους της προθεσεως - in Hebrew, לחם פנים lechem panim - bread of the presence, or faces, because this bread was to be set continually, לפני יהוה lipney Yehovah, before the face of Jehovah. See the notes on Exodus 25:23, Exodus 25:30.

"Since part of the frankincense put in the bread was to be burnt on the altar for a memorial, Leviticus 24:7, and since Aaron and his sons were to eat it in the holy place, it is evident that this bread typified Christ, first presented as a sacrifice to, or in the presence of, Jehovah, and then becoming spiritual food to such as, in and through him, are spiritual priests to God. See Revelation 1:6; Revelation 5:10; Revelation 20:6; also 1 Peter 2:5." Parkhurst.

Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Have.

Matthew 12:5 Or have you not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless?

Matthew 19:4 And he answered and said to them, Have you not read, that he which made them at the beginning made them male and female,

Matthew 21:16 And said to him, Hear you what these say? And Jesus said to them, Yes; have you never read...

Matthew 22:31 But as touching the resurrection of the dead, have you not read that which was spoken to you by God, saying,

Mark 12:10,26 And have you not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner...

Luke 6:3 And Jesus answering them said, Have you not read so much as this, what David did, when himself was an hungered...

Luke 10:26 He said to him, What is written in the law? how read you?

what.

1 Samuel 21:3-6 Now therefore what is under your hand? give me five loaves of bread in my hand, or what there is present...

Mark 2:25,26 And he said to them, Have you never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungered, he, and they that were with him...

Matthew 12:3 Parallel Commentaries
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