Whose arrows are sharp, and all its bows bent, Hoofs of its horses as flint have been reckoned, And its wheels as a hurricane!Isaiah 5:28 Additional Translations
Clarke's Commentary on the BibleTheir horses' hoofs shall be counted like flint "The hoofs of their horses shall be counted as adamant" - The shoeing of horses with iron plates nailed to the hoof is quite a modern practice, and was unknown to the ancients, as appears from the silence of the Greek and Roman writers, especially those that treat of horse medicine, who could not have passed over a matter so obvious and of such importance that now the whole science takes its name from it, being called by us farriery. The horseshoes of leather and iron which are mentioned; the silver and gold shoes with which Nero and Poppaea shod their mules, used occasionally to preserve the hoofs of delicate cattle, or for vanity, were of a very different kind; they enclosed the whole hoof as in a case, or as a shoe does a man's foot, and were bound or tied on. For this reason the strength, firmness and solidity of a horse's hoof was of much greater importance with them than with us, and was esteemed one of the first praises of a fine horse. Xenophon says that a good horse's hoof is hard, hollow, and sounds upon the ground like a cymbal. Hence the χαλκοποδες ἱπποι, of Homer, and Virgil's solido graviter sonat ungula cornu. And Xenophon gives directions for hardening the horses' hoofs by making the pavement on which he stands in the stable with roundheaded stones. For want of this artificial defense to the foot which our horses have, Amos, Amos 6:12, speaks of it as a thing as much impracticable to make horses run upon a hard rock as to plough up the same rock with oxen: -
"Shall horses run upon a rock?
Shall one plough it up with oxen?"
These circumstances must be taken into consideration in order to give us a full notion of the propriety and force of the image by which the prophet sets forth the strength and excellence of the Babylonish cavalry, which made a great part of the strength of the Assyrian army. Xenop. Cyrop. lib. ii.
Like a whirlwind - כסופה cassuphah, like the stormy blast. Here sense and sound are well connected.
Treasury of Scripture Knowledge
arrows
Psalm 45:5 Your arrows are sharp in the heart of the king's enemies; whereby the people fall under you.
Psalm 120:4 Sharp arrows of the mighty, with coals of juniper.
Jeremiah 5:16 Their quiver is as an open sepulcher, they are all mighty men.
Ezekiel 21:9-11 Son of man, prophesy, and say, Thus said the LORD; Say, A sword, a sword is sharpened, and also furbished...
their horses
Judges 5:22 Then were the horse hoofs broken by the means of the prancings, the prancings of their mighty ones.
Jeremiah 47:3 At the noise of the stamping of the hoofs of his strong horses, at the rushing of his chariots, and at the rumbling of his wheels...
Micah 4:13 Arise and thresh, O daughter of Zion: for I will make your horn iron, and I will make your hoofs brass...
Nahum 2:3,4 The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet...
Nahum 3:2 The noise of a whip, and the noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the prancing horses, and of the jumping chariots.
Isaiah 5:28 Parallel Commentaries
Accounted Arrows Bent Bow Bows Chariot Counted Feet Flint Hoofs Horses Hurricane Reckoned Rock Rushing Seem Sharp Storm Strung Wheels WhirlwindAccounted Arrows Bent Bow Bows Chariot Counted Feet Flint Hoofs Horses Hurricane Reckoned Rock Rushing Seem Sharp Storm Strung Wheels WhirlwindTHE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®, NIV® Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica®.Isaiah 5:28 Mobile Bible
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